摘要
“青乌子”大量出现于魏晋南北朝河西地区解注文中。在时人眼里,解注文中青乌子身份是天帝使者,其原型与卜辞中的凤鸟、上帝使者句芒、西王母使者青鸟以及解注文中的“黄帝青鸟”有关。青乌子的主要任务是传达天帝北辰诏令,让死者自受其殃,不得干扰生人。在解注活动中,巫觋或道士会假借其天帝使者的身份,自称青乌子。这部分人同时也参与到下葬前选择葬地活动。由此,原型为鸟类的天帝使者青乌子,肩负起相地之职,相地术士有了青乌子之名。青乌子被书于解注瓶之上是因为民众相信祖先鬼魂在冥界的生活与后世子孙的境遇息息相关,他们需要具有天帝使者身份的青乌子来震慑亡灵,保护生人利益。
Qingwuzi is commonly found in the commentaries of the Hexi region during the Wei,Jin,and Northern and Southern Dynasties.Qingwuzi’s status as a messenger of the Emperor of Heaven is related to the Phoenix in oracle inscriptions,the God’s messenger Jumang,the Queen Mother of the West’s messenger,and the"Yellow Emperor’s Bird Messenger,"as considered in the jiezhu notes of the time.The main task of Qingwuzi is to convey the edicts of the Heavenly Emperor’s North Star,ensuring that the dead suffer their own evils and do not interfere with the living.During jiezhu activities,shamans or Taoists would claim to be Qingwuzi under the guise of their identity as emissaries of the Heavenly Emperor.These individuals also participated in the selection of burial sites before burial.Thus,Qingwuzi,whose prototype is a bird and serves as an emissary of the Heavenly Emperor,took on the responsibility of selecting burial sites,and geomancers gained the name Qingwuzi.Qingwuzi was inscribed on jiezhu bottles because the public believed that the lives of ancestors’ghosts in the netherworld were related to the fate of future generations.They needed Qingwuzi,with the identity of an emissary of the Heavenly Emperor,to deter the spirits of the deceased and protect the interests of the living.
出处
《中国社会历史评论》
2024年第2期224-235,382,共13页
Chinese Social History Review
基金
国家社科基金冷门绝学项目“测天术视野下的干支符号研究”(项目号20VJXG006)的阶段性成果
关键词
魏晋南北朝
解注文
青乌子
天帝使者
相地术士
Wei,Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties
jiezhu notes
Qingwuzi
Heavenly Emperor's messenger
geomancers
