摘要
在坦白从宽、认罪认罚制度等诸多供述激励机制下,犯罪嫌疑人在做出拒供决策时的心理活动会更为复杂。通过对犯罪嫌疑人拒供行为的分析,发现拒供行为的主要表现是少说与案件有关的问题、保持沉默、部分承认、编造虚假情节等。对637份在押人员调查问卷的分析,发现与拒供行为相关的心理原因,主要包括害怕法律惩罚、回避犯罪事实、理性分析证据、盲目自信、担心警察不可信。结合问卷结果与国内外相关研究,对供述激励机制下犯罪嫌疑人拒供的心理原因进行讨论,主要体现在以下方面:一是希望通过不认罪来逃避刑罚惩罚,这是畏罪心理与侥幸心理相结合的结果;二是不相信认罪会给自己带来期待的利益,具体影响因素包括犯罪嫌疑人对刑罚以及减轻的可能性的不确定性认知、对侦查人员的信任度不高等;三是拒绝接受自己涉嫌犯罪的现实,影响因素包括从心理上维护自尊以及排斥刑罚惩罚。基于对拒供现象与原因的分析,提出如下对策建议:一是提高法律政策教育的实效以保障犯罪嫌疑人对认罪认罚等制度的知情权;二是合理使用认知影响促使犯罪嫌疑人做出理性选择;三是避免过度追求认罪而忽视鼓励犯罪嫌疑人的真诚悔罪;四是审查供述形成过程以保障认罪的自愿性。
In the incentive mechanism of confession,such as leniency of confession,guilty plea and leniency system,the criminal suspects'psychological activities are more complicated when deciding to refuse confession.An analysis of 637 questionnaires of detainees'refusing confession showed that the act of refusing confession were manifested by“talk about less case-related events”,“keep silent”,“partially admit”,“fabricate false circumstances”,etc.Psychological reasons mainly included the fear of legal punishment,evading criminal facts,rational analysis of evidence,blind self-confidence,and worry that the police cannot be trusted.To counter suspects'refusal behaviors,the effectiveness of legal explanation should be improved to protect the suspect's right to know;cognitive influence should be rationally exerted to prompt suspects to make a rational choice;exclusive pursuit of confession but neglecting suspects'sincere repentance should be avoided;the process of confession should be reviewed to ensure voluntary confession.
作者
赵桂芬
徐业勤
ZHAO Guifen;XU Yeqin
出处
《公安学研究》
2025年第1期21-40,123,共21页
Journal of Public Security Science
基金
中国人民公安大学侦查学双一流专项(2023SYL02)
