摘要
在去中心化市场中,大量数据资产通常需要长时间锁定在智能合约中,直至交易完成。尽管这种锁定机制对交易安全非常重要,却严重限制了数据资产的流动性与灵活性,导致市场参与者交易效率降低、机会成本增加,阻碍了去中心化应用的推广与规模化发展。为解决上述问题,本文提出了一种面向去中心化环境的数据所有权安全转移协议。本协议在不额外增加区块链网络计算或存储负担的前提下,实现了锁定数据资产所有权的安全转移。首先,构建了包含数据出质人(最初拥有并质押数据资产)、第三方受让人(欲获得数据资产所有权)和数据质权人(质押期间控制数据资产)的系统模型,明确了各方角色、交互方式和安全需求。其次,采用零知识证明技术对链下参与者进行身份认证,通过不暴露敏感身份信息和数据资产细节的方式,确保身份与交易的合法性,有效保护参与者隐私和数据资产机密性。此外,为安全、公平地实现数据资产控制权转移,设计了链下两方秘密交换协议,用于安全交换智能合约升级密钥,以完成数据所有权的变更,显著缓解了区块链网络的拥堵问题,降低了交易成本与延迟。同时,引入可升级智能合约机制,实现对锁定数据所有权的安全修改和上链,且不会增加额外开销。最后,在最常见的数据资产抵押交易场景中,对提出的协议与现有协议进行了比较。实验结果表明,与现有协议相比,本协议在提高资产流动性、增强交易效率和保护参与者隐私方面均具有明显优势,具体表现为本协议响应延迟低,可有效提升数据资产交易频率,从而显著提升了去中心化市场的数据资产流动性。
In decentralized markets,the liquidity of data assets presents a critical challenge due to the inherent characteristics of blockchain systems.Specifically,significant amounts of data assets are typically required to remain locked within smart contracts until transactions reach completion.This obligatory locking mechanism,while vital for security,severely restricts the liquidity and flexibility of data assets.Consequently,data owners and other market participants face reduced efficiency and increased opportunity costs,hindering the broader adoption and scalability of blockchain-based decentralized applications.To overcome this prevalent limitation,this paper introduces a novel hybrid protocol for the secure transfer of data ownership,operating through a combination of on-chain and off-chain methodologies.The principal innovation is facilitating the safe transfer of ownership rights over locked data assets without placing additional computational or storage demands on the underlying blockchain network.By integrating off-chain operations,our approach mitigates the scalability concerns commonly associated with purely on-chain solutions.Firstly,we define a comprehensive system model consisting of three essential stakeholders:the data pawner,who initially owns and pledges the data asset;the third-party transferee,who aims to acquire ownership rights to the locked data;and the data pledgee,who holds custody of the data asset during the pledge period.This structured model lays the groundwork for identifying precise interaction patterns,role definitions,and security requirements essential for robust implementation.Subsequently,the proposed protocol leverages zeroknowledge proof techniques to authenticate the identities of off-chain participants.Zeroknowledge proofs enable verification of identities and transaction legitimacy without exposing sensitive identity-related information or details of the underlying data assets.Thus,participant privacy and asset confidentiality are robustly preserved throughout the transaction lifecycle.To realize the secure and fair transfer of control,we incorporate a two-party fair secret exchange protocol executed entirely off-chain.This exchange allows involved parties to securely trade contract upgrade keys,enabling the modification of ownership rights associated with the locked data.Such off-chain execution significantly alleviates blockchain congestion and reduces transaction-related costs and latency.Moreover,utilizing an upgradable smart contract infrastructure further ensures that modifications to ownership rights are securely and reliably reflected on-chain without unnecessary complexity.Finally,we rigorously evaluate the proposed hybrid protocol through comparative analyses against existing methodologies in prevalent realworld scenarios of data asset collateral loans.Through comprehensive assessment,it is demonstrated that our proposed protocol consistently achieves superior outcomes,particularly in terms of improving liquidity,enhancing transaction efficiency,and ensuring participant privacy.Specifically,empirical results indicate that the adoption of our protocol substantially reduces the latency associated with ownership transfers,facilitates increased frequency of data asset transactions,and significantly improves overall asset liquidity within decentralized markets.Overall,the hybrid on-chain and off-chain data ownership secure transfer protocol presented herein effectively addresses the critical liquidity issue inherent in existing blockchain-based decentralized market designs.Through a strategic combination of zero-knowledge proofs,offchain secret exchanges,and upgradable smart contract mechanisms,our solution delivers notable improvements in liquidity and usability without compromising security,privacy,or scalability,thus holding significant potential to advance the practical utility and widespread adoption of blockchain-based data markets.
作者
禹勇
姚宇超
史隽彬
阳昊辰
YU Yong;YAO Yu-Chao;SHI Jun-Bin;YANG Hao-Chen(School of Computer Science,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119;School of Cyberspace Security,Xi'an University of Posts&Telecommunications,Xi'an 710121)
出处
《计算机学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期1356-1372,共17页
Chinese Journal of Computers
基金
国家密码科学基金(2025NCSF02025)
国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U24B20149,U23A20302)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(62272385)
国家自然科学基金国际合作交流项目(62311540156)
陕西省重点研发计划重点产业创新链项目(2024GX-ZDCYL-01-09)
陕西省杰出青年科学基金(2022JC-47)资助。
