摘要
煤气化渣作为煤化工产业的主要固体废弃物,具有堆存量大、含碳量高、胶凝活性弱及重金属赋存等特点,其规模化无害化利用面临挑战。本文系统综述了煤气化渣的矿物学特性及其胶凝活性提升的影响机制,研究表明,煤气化渣中高聚合度的铝硅酸盐玻璃体及残碳是限制其活性的核心因素,物理活化通过机械研磨破坏晶体结构并增大比表面积,但作用效果有限;化学活化主要通过酸、碱、盐、有机溶剂,解聚铝硅酸盐玻璃体网络结构,释放活性Al^(3+)、Si^(4+)、Ca^(2+)离子提升活性,但需精确控制水化反应;热活化可通过高温消除残碳与重构煤气化渣的晶相,但能耗较高;复合活化及生物矿化展现出协同增效的潜力,但目前研究较少。未来需从煤气化渣矿物学特性出发,开发低碳高效的多技术联用路径,突破高掺量应用瓶颈,为煤气化渣建材化高值化利用提供理论支撑。
Coal Gasification slag, a solid waste produced during the process of coal gasification, has some characteristics such as a large storage volume , high carbon content, weak cementitious reactivity, and heavy metal enrichment, and its large-scale and harmless utilization faces significant challenges. This paper systematically reviews the mineralogical properties of coal gasification slag and the mechanisms influencing its cementitious reactivity enhancement. The study shows that the highly polymerized aluminosilicate glass phase and residual carbon in coal gasification slag are the core factors limiting its reactivity. physical activation through mechanical grinding to destroy the crystal structure and increase the specific surface area, but the role of the effect is limited. chemical activation is mainly through the acid, alkali, salt, organic solvents to depolymerize the aluminosilicate network to release active ions (Al^(3+) , Si^(4+) , Ca^(2+) ), but requires precise control of hydration reaction pathways. Thermal activation removes residual carbon and reconstructs crystalline phases through high-temperature treatment, yet faces high energy consumption. Composite activation and bio-mineralization techniques demonstrate synergistic potential, but the current research is insufficient. In the future, it is necessary to develop low-carbon and high-efficiency multi-technology paths from the mineralogical properties of coal gasification slag, overcome bottlenecks in high-dosage applications, and provide theoretical foundations for high-value utilization of coal gasification slag as building mate- rials .
作者
吴平川
刘治兵
黄天勇
郑永超
张凯帆
王长龙
康旺
付兴帅
白云翼
翟玉新
刘枫
WU Pingchuan;LIU Zhibing;HUANG Tianyong;ZHENG Yongchao;ZHANG Kaifan;WANG Changlong;KANG Wang;FU Xingshuai;BAI Yunyi;ZHAI Yuxin;LIU Feng(State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials,Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research,Beijing 100041,China;Hebei Province Key Laboratory for Low-Carbon Construction and Resilience Enhancement of Construction Engineering,School of Civil Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,Hebei,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China;China Railway Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100040,China;Construction Development Co.,Ltd.,China Railway Construction Group,Beijing 100070,China)
出处
《材料导报》
北大核心
2025年第12期95-103,共9页
Materials Reports
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC1910605)
河北省自然科学基金(E2020402079)
河北省科技重大专项项目(21283804Z)
固废资源化利用与节能国家重点实验室开放基金(SWR-2023-007)
国家环境保护矿冶资源利用与污染控制重点实验室开放基金(HB202306)
河北省建筑工程低碳建造与韧性提升重点实验室基金资助(HKL-LRC-2024-2)。
关键词
煤气化渣
矿物学特性
胶凝活性
激发机理
资源化利用
coal gasification slag
mineralogy characteristics
cementitious reactivity
excitation mechanism
resource utilization
