摘要
为阐明青海三江源区(TRSR)牧区牧草供需格局及其潜力,本研究运用典型调查法搜集三江源区牧区牧草业、畜牧业相关数据及资料,同时利用供需计算公式分析牧草供给量和需求量。结果显示,玉树州牧草供需平衡状态优于果洛州,其中治多县鲜草产量达峰值(2.95×10^(9)kg),囊谦县最低(0.54×10^(9)kg);兴海县鲜草需求量最大(4.19×10^(9)kg),玛多县最低(0.87×10^(9)kg)。80%的县域存在供给缺口,兴海县短缺量最大(3.30×10^(9)kg),曲麻莱县最小(0.17×10^(9)kg)。种植面积差异较大,达日县保有最大饲草种植面积,杂多县面积最小。区域饲草供给差异显著,果洛州与玉树州分别供应0.30×10^(9)kg和0.19×10^(9)kg,而泽库、河南、兴海三县分别供应0.05×10^(9)kg、0.07×10^(9)kg和0.19×10^(9)kg。在不同利用率(25%~100%)下,果洛州鲜草需求量均为1.56×10^(9)kg,玉树州约为2.70×10^(9)kg;河南、泽库、兴海在100%利用率下的鲜草需求分别为1.94×10^(9)kg、1.96×10^(9)kg和2.69×10^(9)kg。研究表明,当前牧草产量无法满足畜牧业增长需求,供给调配机制存在关键瓶颈。本研究为高寒生态脆弱区草地管理策略优化提供参考。
To elucidate the forage supply-demand dynamics and restoration potential in the Three-River-Source Region(TRSR)pastoral area of Qinghai Province,this study collected relevant data and information on the forage and livestock industries in the pastoral areas of the TRSR through typical investigation methods.Meanwhile,the supply and demand of forage were analyzed using the supply and demand calculation formula.The results showed Yushu Prefecture exhibited superior forage equilibrium compared to Guoluo Prefecture,with Zhiduo County yielding peak fresh forage production(2.95×10^(9)kg)and Nangqian County recording the minimum(0.54×10^(9)kg).The demand for fresh forage in Xinghai County was the largest(4.19×10^(9)kg),contrasting with Maduo County's baseline requirement(0.87×10^(9)kg).Critical deficits emerged in 80%of surveyed counties,with Xinghai County demonstrating the most severe shortfall(3.30×10^(9)kg)and Qumalai County the mildest(0.17×10^(9)kg).Cultivation patterns showed extreme variability—Dari County maintained the largest forage plantation area,while Zaduo County occupied the smallest footprint.Regional contributions diverged sharply,Guoluo and Yushu Prefectures supplied 0.30×10^(9)kg and 0.19×10^(9)kg,respectively,whereas Zeku,Henan,and Xinghai Counties contributed 0.05×10^(9)kg,0.07×10^(9)kg,and 0.19×10^(9)kg.Utilization rate simulations(25%-100%)revealed stable demand thresholds—Guoluo(1.56×10^(9)kg)and Yushu(2.70×10^(9)kg)maintained consistent requirements,while Henan,Zeku,and Xinghai peaked at 1.94×10^(9)kg,1.96×10^(9)kg,and 2.69×10^(9)kg under full utilization.These findings expose systemic imbalances,demonstrating that current forage productivity fails to meet escalating livestock demands,with critical bottlenecks in supply allocation mechanisms.This research provides a reference for optimizing grassland management strategies in ecologically fragile alpine pastoral systems.
作者
张海蓉
施建军
刘青青
吕亮雨
李发毅
蔡宗程
ZHANG Hairong;SHI Jianjun;LIU Qingqing;LV Liangyu;LI Fayi;CAI Zongcheng(College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining Qinghai 810018,China;College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining Qinghai 810016,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management onAlpine Grassland,Xining Qinghai 810016,China)
出处
《青海农林科技》
2025年第2期29-35,共7页
Science and Technology of Qinghai Agriculture and Forestry
基金
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK1002)。
关键词
草产量
草地供给量
供需格局
羊单位
三江源区牧区
Forage yield
Grassland supply capacity
Supply-demand dynamics
Sheep unit(SU)
Three-River-Source Region Pastoral Area(TRSR)
