摘要
环境民事公益诉讼实践中,生态环境修复先予执行得到普遍实施。然而,这一做法尚缺乏明确具体的法律依据。从生态环境法治现实需求、制度可行性等方面看,环境民事公益诉讼适用生态环境修复先予执行具有正当性。但是,实践中生态环境修复先予执行适用条件模糊、程序规范性不足、修复效果缺乏有效评估,这些困境制约了该制度的规范化司法适用。该制度适用应当满足“当事人之间权利义务关系明确”“生态环境修复面临紧迫的现实需要”“被申请人具备履行生态环境修复的能力”等条件,需要结合司法实践明确这些条件的具体规范内涵,以实现生态环境修复先予执行规则的具体化;同时规范申请、审查与裁定、执行与验收等程序,以实现生态环境修复先予执行适用的规范化,确保其制度实效。《生态环境法典》的编纂为生态环境修复先予执行制度的法律化提供了契机,可以在法典中为该项制度提供基础性规范。
In the practice of environmental civil public interest litigation,the advance execution of ecological environment restoration has been widely implemented.However,this practice still lacks clear and specific legal basis.From the perspective of the realistic demands of ecological environment rule of law and the feasibility of the system,the application of advance execution of ecological environment restoration in environmental civil public interest litigation is legitimate.However,in practice,the application conditions of advance execution of ecological environment restoration are ambiguous,the procedural norms are insufficient,the restoration effect lacks effective evaluation,and it is difficult to distinguish public and private interests.These predicaments have restricted the standardized judicial application of this system.The application of this system requires meeting conditions such as“clear rights and obligations between the parties”,“urgent practical need for ecological environment restoration”,and“the respondent has the ability to fulfill ecological environment restoration”,but it is necessary to further clarify the normative connotations of these conditions to achieve the concretization of the rules for advance execution of ecological environment restoration.At the same time,standardize the procedures of application,review and ruling,execution and acceptance,to achieve the standardization of the application of advance execution of ecological environment restoration and ensure its institutional effectiveness.It is necessary to take the opportunity of the compilation of the“Ecological Environment Code”to realize its legalization and provide sufficient institutional guarantee for the implementation of ecological environment restoration responsibility through the provisions of the code.
作者
肖爱
陈钊仪
XIAO Ai;CHEN Zhao-yi(Faculty of Law at Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,Hunan 411105,China)
出处
《时代法学》
2025年第3期70-77,共8页
Presentday Law Science
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“生态环境保护区域协同立法体制机制研究”(23BFX106)
湘潭大学韶峰学者岗位人才引进项目“法典时代我国环境法治转型发展研究”(2022BSQDF14)的研究成果。
关键词
环境民事公益诉讼
公共利益
生态环境修复
先予执行
生态环境法典
Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation
Public Interests
Ecological Environment Restoration
Advance Execution
Legalization
