摘要
磁铁矿在自然界中广泛分布,常形成于多种地质环境,其成因矿物学研究在约束矿床成因机制和解析成矿过程等方面具有良好的指示意义,并可为矿产勘查提供参考。在新兴技术不断发展和现代地球科学研究尺度不断向纳米、原子尺度深入的背景下,磁铁矿的相关研究也逐步由显微向纳米转变,且取得了重要成果。本文简要介绍了磁铁矿的晶体化学特征,系统地总结了近年来磁铁矿成因矿物学研究进展,重点阐述了硅磁铁矿、含金-铋磁铁矿、富锡磁铁矿以及高钛磁铁矿的纳米矿物学研究成果。例如,硅铁纳米包裹物的发现引起对富硅磁铁矿本质与硅置换机制的重新审视、硅酸盐与锡石纳米包裹物的存在表明纳米包裹物也是微量元素的重要赋存形式、以及岩浆热液矿床高钛磁铁矿的形成证实铁钛氧化物的出溶并非岩浆矿床的专属等。此外,以磁铁矿中广泛存在的振荡环带、出溶以及溶解-再沉淀等特征结构为例,表明磁铁矿在形成过程中会产生复杂的结构,但微米尺度的研究已不足以解释当前发现的许多现象的成因机理;而纳米尺度的研究将有助于理解这些现象的形成作用,揭示磁铁矿生长的微观动力学过程。因此,磁铁矿纳米矿物学的深入研究,将有利于更好地理解矿床成因机制,具有重要的研究价值和广泛的应用前景。
Magnetite widely and stably occurs in various geological environments.The mineralogical study of magnetite has significant implications for Fe mineralization and ore genesis,and offers valuable insights for mineral exploration.Due to the progress of cutting-edge technology and the exploration of earth science at the nano-to atomic-scale,the study of magnetite mineralogy is increasingly transitioning to nanoscale research and significant achievements have been made.This paper briefly introduces the crystal-chemical characteristics of magnetite and summarizes the current progress in its genesis.Among them,it focused on nano-scale mineralogical research achievements,including silician,Au-Bi-bearing,Sn-rich and Ti-rich magnetite.For example,the discovery of Si-Fe nanoscale inclusions,revisiting the nature and Si substitution mechanisms in silican magnetite;evidence of nanoscale inclusions as carriers of trace elements;and confirmation that Fe-Ti oxide exsolution is not exclusive to magmatic deposits.In addition,features such as oscillatory zoning,exsolution and dissolution-reprecipitation which are widespread in magnetite,indicate the formation of complex textures during its growth.However,microscale studies are generally insufficient to explain the causes and mechanisms of many observed phenomena,whereas nanoscale research can help clarify their formation processes and reveal the micro-dynamics of magnetite growth.Thus,the in-depth study of magnetite nanomineralogy will have a better understanding on the ore deposit genesis and show important research value and broad prospects for future study.
作者
徐净
胡家兴
朱乔乔
赵太平
XU Jing;HU JiaXing;ZHU QiaoQiao;ZHAO TaiPing(Zijin School of Geology and Mining,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China;MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China)
出处
《岩石学报》
北大核心
2025年第7期2485-2502,共18页
Acta Petrologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42230807)
福建省自然科学基金项目(2023J05110)联合资助.
