摘要
运用心理技能量表和竞赛状态焦虑问卷对乒乓球、羽毛球、网球3个项目的大学生运动员进行调查,探索持拍类项目大学生运动员心理技能与竞赛状态焦虑的内在关系,结果显示:(1)不同性别、不同项目、不同类别、不同训练年限持拍类项目大学生运动员在竞赛状态焦虑方面无显著差异,但不同运动等级运动员在竞赛状态焦虑三个维度均有显著性差异;(2)持拍类项目大学生运动员心理技能表现出“低自信心—良好的比赛专注”特征,不同性别运动员放松维度和活化维度有显著差异,不同项别运动员运动心理技能在压力反应维度、放松维度、活化维度、专注维度和再专注维度均有显著差异,不同运动等级运动员在放松维度和再专注维度有显著差异,不同类别运动员在心理练习维度有显著差异,不同训练年限运动员在竞赛计划维度有显著差异;(3)在持拍类项目大学生运动员中,一级运动员相较于健将级和二级运动员更需要重视运动心理技能的发展;(4)竞赛状态焦虑中的状态自信心和认知躯体焦虑可以作为预测大学生运动员心理技能水平的重要参考指标。研究认为,大学生运动员的竞赛状态焦虑与心理技能有着密切关系,而提升其自信心和发展其自我认知功能可以有效减少或避免大学生运动员的赛前紧张状态,但两者间的潜在作用机制仍有待进一步研究。
This paper investigated the college athletes of table tennis,badminton and tennis by using mental skills scale and competition state anxiety questionnaire to explore the internal relationship between mental skills and competition state anxiety of college student athletes of racket holding events.The results shows that:(1)there is no significant difference in competitive state anxiety among college student athletes of racket holding events in different genders,different categories,different training years,but there are significant differences in the three dimensions of competitive state anxiety among athletes of different sports levels.(2)The psychological skills of college student athletes of racket holding events show the characteristics of low self-confidence and good concentration in competition.There are significant differences in the relaxation and activation dimensions of athletes of different genders.As for the sports psychological skills of the athletes in different categories,there are significant differences in the stress response dimension,the relaxation dimension,activation dimension,concentration dimension and refocus dimension.Athletes of different sports levels have significant differences in the relaxation dimension and refocus dimension.Athletes of different categories have significant differences in the mental practice dimension.Athletes with different training years have significant differences in the dimensions of competition plans.(3)Among college student athletes of racket holding events,more attention needs to be paid to the development of sports psychological skills of the first level athletes than master level and second level athletes.(4)State self-confidence and cognitive somatic anxiety in competition state anxiety can be used as important reference indicators to predict the level of mental skills of college student athletes.The study suggests that college student athletes'competition state anxiety are closely related to their mental skills.Therefore,college student athletes'pre-competition nervousness can be effectively reduced or avoided by improving their self-confidence and developing their self-cognitive function.However,the potential influencing mechanism between them needs to be further examined by other researchers in the coming days.
作者
杨管
何炳辰
王堯
YANG Guan;HE Bingchen;WANG Yao(School of Physical Education,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,Guangdong,China)
出处
《岭南师范学院学报》
2025年第2期59-72,共14页
Journal of Lingnan Normal University
基金
广东省哲学社会科学规划共建项目(GD22XTY01)
广州市哲学社会科学规划共建课题(2023GZGJ327)
广东省普通高校青年创新人才类项目(2022WQNCX004)。
关键词
体育心理学
持拍类项目
竞赛状态焦虑
心理技能
大学生运动员
sports psychology
racket holding events
competition state anxiety
psychological skills
college athletes
