摘要
【目的】解决阴山北麓向日葵列当对宿主植物造成的危害,并提供新的向日葵列当综合防治思路和方法。【方法】在阴山北麓向日葵种植区域进行试验,将不同施用方式、不同生长时期滴灌、不同施用剂量的微生态制剂应用于向日葵列当防控,对向日葵株高、茎粗、花盘直径、产量进行调查,分析不同处理向日葵列当的寄生率、寄生强度、寄生程度、高度、枯萎率和鲜重。【结果】与清水对照(D1)相比,播种前基施150 kg/hm^(2)微生态制剂,向日葵产量平均增长83.6%,列当寄生率平均降低10.3%、枯萎率平均提高24.8%、高度平均降低23.9%。与清水对照(Y1)相比,4~6叶期滴灌112.5 L/hm^(2)微生态制剂,向日葵产量平均增加21.4%,列当寄生率平均降低54.3%、枯萎率平均增长43.3%、鲜重平均下降533.0 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】在阴山北麓的向日葵种植过程中,播种前适量基施防控向日葵列当微生态制剂能够显著降低列当寄生率和生长高度、提高列当枯萎率、提升向日葵产量;在向日葵4~6叶期以滴灌方式适量施用微生态制剂,具有防控向日葵列当病害、提高向日葵产量及品质的效果。
【Objective】To solve the harm caused by sunflower broomrape to host plants in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain,and provide new ideas and methods for comprehensive prevention and control of sunflower broomrape.【Methods】The experiments were carried out in the sunflower planting area of the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain.Microecological agents were applied to the prevention and control of sunflower broomrape by different application methods,drip irrigation at different growth stages,and different application doses.The plant height,stem diameter,flower disk diameter,and yield of sunflowers were investigated,and the parasitic rate,parasitic intensity,parasitic degree,height,withering rate,and fresh weight of different treatments of sunflower broomrape were analyzed.【Results】Compared with the control group with clear water(D1),the yield of sunflower was increased by 83.6% on average,the parasitic rate of sunflower broomrape was decreased by 10.3% on average,the wilting rate of sunflower broomrape was increased by 24.8% on average,the height of sunflower broomrape was decreased by 23.9% on average with basal application 150 kg/hm^(2) microecological agents before sowing. Compared with the clear water control(Y1),the yield of sunflower increased by 21.4% on average,the parasitic rate of sunflower broomrape decreased by 54.3% on average,the wilting rate of sunflower broomrape increased by 43.3% on average,the fresh weight of sunflower broomrape decreased by 533.0 kg/hm^(2) on average with drip irrigation 112.5 L/hm^(2) microecological agents at 4-6 leaf stage.【Conclusion】In the process of sunflower planting in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain,appropriate amount basal application prevention and control sunflower broomrape microecological agents before sowing can significantly reduce the parasitic rate and growth height of broomrape,increase its wilting rate,and significantly increase the yield of sunflower. In addition,in the 4-6 leaf stage of sunflower,the application of microecological agents by drip irrigation also has the effect of effectively preventing and controlling sunflower broomrape disease and improving sunflower yield and quality.
作者
高翔
高娃
王琦
高振江
张冬梅
张文兵
赵晓军
刘明星
高文华
郝向玲
GAO Xiang;Gaowa;WANG Qi;GAO Zhenjiang;ZHANG Dongmei;ZHANG Wenbing;ZHAO Xiaojun;LIU Mingxing;GAO Wenhua;HAO Xiangling(Baotou City Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences and Technology,Baotou 014040,China;College of Plant Protection,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Guyang County Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Baotou 014200,China)
出处
《北方农业学报》
2025年第1期83-91,共9页
Journal of Northern Agriculture
基金
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFXZ0039)。
关键词
向日葵列当
微生态制剂
施用方式
防控效果
阴山北麓
Sunflower broomrape
Microecological agents
Application method
Effect of prevention and control
The northern foot of Yinshan Mountain
