摘要
【目的】明确沿黄灌区南岸秸秆还田条件下不同生物菌剂对玉米灌浆期光合特性和产量的影响。【方法】以玉米品种利禾1号为试验材料,设置施用芽孢杆菌+醋酸菌(A)、芽孢杆菌+酵素菌+放线菌(B)、枯草芽孢杆菌+地衣(C)3类生物菌剂和不施用生物菌剂(CK)4个处理,分析不同处理下玉米灌浆期穗位叶光响应曲线、光合特性日变化动态及产量。【结果】各处理的植株净光合速率、气孔导度日变化均表现为双峰曲线,且达到峰值的时间相同(10:00和14:00),植株蒸腾速率达到峰值的时间为10:00和13:00,峰值大小有一定的差异,各处理玉米穗位叶的胞间CO_(2)浓度日变化呈“V”字形趋势。不同处理的光响应曲线拟合均达到显著水平,B处理模拟的最大净光合速率最高,为32.90μmol/(m^(2)·s),较CK、A处理、C处理分别高出12.29%、6.44%、18.01%。施用B处理时,玉米产量最高,为14 299.59 kg/hm^(2),较其他处理高2.00%~9.01%。【结论】芽孢杆菌+酵素菌+放线菌结合秸秆还田能够有效增加土壤养分,提高玉米产量,更适宜在沿黄灌区南岸农田施用。
【Objective】To clarify the effects of different biological microbial agents on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize during the filling stage under straw returning conditions along the southern bank of the Yellow River irrigation area.【Methods】Using the maize variety Lihe No.1 as the test material,four treatments were set up:Bacillus+Acetobacter(A),Bacillus+fermenting fungi+Actinomycetes(B),Bacillus subtilis+lichen(C),and a control group without microbial agents(CK).The study analyzed the effects of different biological microbial agents on the light response curve and diurnal variation in photosynthetic characteristics of maize ear leaves during the filling stage and maize yield.【Results】The diurnal variations in net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and stomatal conductance(Gs)of plants in all treatments exhibited a bimodal curve trend,with both Pn and Gs peaking at the same times(10:00 and 14:00).The transpiration rate(Tr)reached its peaks at 10:00 and 13:00,with some differences in peak magnitudes among treatments.The diurnal variation in intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci)in maize ear leaves followed a“V”-shaped pattern.The fitted light response curves for all treatments reached significant levels,with Treatment B showing the highest simulated maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pnmax)at 32.90μmol/(m^(2)·s),which was 12.29%,6.44%,and 18.01%higher than those of CK,Treatment A,and Treatment C,respectively.Moreover,Treatment B resulted in the highest yield(14299.59 kg/hm^(2)),surpassing the other treatments by 2.00%-9.01%.【Conclusion】Bacillus+fermenting fungi+Actinomycetes with straw returning can effectively enhance soil nutrients and increase maize yield,and is more suitable for farmland application along the southern bank of the Yellow River irrigation area.
作者
张一迪
叶君
段思彤
张向前
赵子豪
肖洒
王伟妮
李娟
邢俊
王宏伟
张德健
ZHANG Yidi;YE Jun;DUAN Sitong;ZHANG Xiangqian;ZHAO Zihao;XIAO Sa;WANG Weini;LI Juan;XING Jun;WANG Hongwei;ZHANG Dejian(College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Center for Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Conservation of Ordos City,Ordos 017010,China;Dalad Banner Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Bureau,Dalad Banner 014300,China;Zalantun City Rural Operations Service Center,Zalantun 162650,China)
出处
《北方农业学报》
2025年第1期64-72,共9页
Journal of Northern Agriculture
基金
鄂尔多斯市“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS-2021-001)。
关键词
秸秆还田
生物菌剂
玉米
光合特性
日变化
光响应曲线
产量
Returning straw to field
Biological microbial agents
Maize
Photosynthesis characteristics
Diurnal variation
Light response curve
Yield
