摘要
果园生态系统因封闭性物质循环与高强度农资投入成为重金属富集高风险区,含重金属的灌溉水、化肥、农药和粪肥的长期施用是造成果园土壤中重金属污染的主要原因。果园生态系统重金属污染因其隐蔽性、生物累积性及潜在健康风险,已成为全球农业环境领域亟待解决的关键问题。本文综述果园土壤重金属污染现状,分析其主要来源,对生态环境和人体健康的影响,介绍相关污染治理方法,指出当前重金属污染治理以源头管控与末端修复为主,面临着修复成本高、周期长及二次污染风险等瓶颈问题。提出未来研究应聚焦多学科交叉,建立基于生物有效性的动态评价标准,推行“修复—生产”协同模式,强化果园特异性污染监测网络与标准化防控体系建设,保障农产品安全,为农业可持续发展奠定基础。
The orchard ecosystem has become a high-risk area of heavy metal enrichment due to the closed material circulation and high-intensity agricultural materials input.The long-term application of irrigation water,chemical fertilizers,pesticides and manure containing heavy metals are the main causes of heavy metal pollution in the orchard soil.Heavy metal contamination in orchard ecosystems has emerged as a critical problem in the field of global agricultural environment due to its concealed nature,bioaccumulation potential,and potential health risks.The current status of heavy metal pollution in orchard soils was reviewed and the primary pollution sources,its impacts ecological environment and human health were analyzed.The relevant pollution control methods were introduced.It was pointed out that the current heavy metal pollution control was mainly based on source control and end-remediation,which faced with bottleneck problems such as high treatment cost,long timeline and secondary pollution risk.It was proposed that the future research should focus on interdisciplinary subjects,establish dynamic evaluation standards based on biological effectiveness,implement the collaborative mode of restoration-production,strengthen the construction of orchard specific pollution monitoring network and standardized prevention and control system,ensure the safety of agricultural products,and lay a foundation for the sustainable development of agriculture.
作者
饶怡璇
何胜奎
RAO Yixuan;HE Shengkui(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715,China;The Navel Orange Industry Development Center of Fengjie County,Chongqing,404600,China)
出处
《中国南方果树》
北大核心
2025年第3期215-221,共7页
South China Fruits
关键词
果园
土壤
重金属
环境风险
污染修复
orchard
soil
heavy metals
environmental risks
contamination remediation
