摘要
为了解不同时间修剪促萌处理对广州产区“阳光玫瑰”葡萄冬芽萌发、花果发育及果实品质的影响,于2020年12月至2021年4月及2021年11月至2022年2月冬春季不同时期对“阳光玫瑰”进行修剪促萌处理,观测各处理1个月后冬芽萌发情况和新梢长度,并计算萌芽率和新梢相对长度的变异系数,观测花穗质量和退化现象,果实成熟时测定穗质量、单果质量、果实直径、果实硬度、可溶性固形物等果实品质参数。结果表明,11月修剪的植株萌芽率低且不整齐,表现为新梢相对长度的变异系数大,且花序退化率最高,开花期最长;2月中旬前,随修剪时间的推迟植株萌芽率、萌芽整齐度、成花率、成花质量均会有不同程度的上升,但随着修剪时间继续推迟,冬芽萌发率虽高且整齐,开花期也更为集中,但花穗质量呈下降趋势,果实发育期缩短。1月份修剪促萌处理植株单穗质量、单粒质量均最高,但可溶性固形物含量偏低。推迟或提早修剪促萌处理,均不利大果粒形成。不同处理间果实硬度和果肉硬度虽有差异,但无明显的变化规律。对比而言,1月下旬至2月中旬进行修剪促萌处理的“阳光玫瑰”葡萄冬芽萌发、花果发育及果实品质形成方面的综合表现最佳。
In order to understand the impacts of pruning and sprout-promoting treatments at different time on the winter bud germination,flower and fruit development,and fruit quality of Shine Muscat grape in Guangzhou production area,pruning and sprout-promoting treatments were carried out on Shine Muscat grape at different periods of time in the winter and spring seasons,from December 2020 to April 2021,and from November 2021 to February 2022.One month after each treatment,the germination status of winter buds and the length of new shoots were observed,and the germination rate and the coefficient of variation of the relative length of new shoots were calculated.The quality and degeneration of flower spikes were observed.The fruit quality parameters such as single spike weight,single fruit weight,fruit diameter,fruit firmness,and soluble solids content were determined at ripe fruits.The results showed that the germination rates of plants pruned in November were low and uneven,showing a large variation of coefficient of the relative length of new shoots,the highest inflorescence degeneration rate,and the longest flowering period.Before mid-February,with the delay of the pruning time,the germination rate,germination uniformity,flower formation rate,and flower formation quality of the plants were all increased to varying degrees.However,as the pruning time continued to be delayed,although the winter bud germination rate was high and uniform,and the flowering period was more concentrated,but the quality of the flower spikes showed a downward trend,and the fruit development period was shortened.The plants with pruning and sprout-promoting treatment conducted in January had the highest single spike weight and single berry weight,but the content of soluble solids was relatively low.Both delaying and advancing the pruning and sprout-promoting treatment were not conducive to the formation of large berries.Although there were differences in fruit firmness and pulp firmness among different treatments,but not in obvious regulation.In comparison,the Shine Muscat grapes with pruning and sprout-promoting treatment performed from late January to mid-February had the best comprehensive performance in terms of winter bud germination,flower and fruit development,and fruit quality formation.
作者
莫金奇
熊晓林
杨玲
陆洁梅
黄旭明
MO Jinqi;XIONG Xiaolin;YANG Ling;LU Jiemei;HUANG Xuming(College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510642,China;Xuelinyuan(Shenzhen)Grape Wine Culture Co.Ltd.,Shenzhen,Guangdong,518100,China;Guangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510520,China)
出处
《中国南方果树》
北大核心
2025年第3期158-163,167,共7页
South China Fruits
基金
广东省科技计划项目(2014A020208102)资助。
关键词
“阳光玫瑰”葡萄
产期调节
物候期
修剪
Shine Muscat grape
production period regulating
phenological period
pruning
