摘要
煤炭洗选的重点在于脱除煤中的杂质,煤中矿物的组合特征及赋存形态均会影响煤中矿物的脱除效率,其中矿物赋存形态和嵌布特征的影响尤为突出。研究华北赋煤区煤中矿物的地球化学特征,在工业化煤炭清洁发展中提高洗选后矿物的脱除效率,进而降低煤炭利用过程中矿物的排放污染问题,具有非常重要的实际意义。针对我国非优质煤炭资源亟待绿色利用的现实问题,以煤地质学为基础,以不同沉积环境形成的煤为研究对象,利用地学领域常规和先进的扫描电镜+能谱(SEM-EDX)、X射线衍射波谱(XRD)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)等手段和方法以研究煤中矿物的赋存形态特征。研究区煤中主要含有黏土矿物、石英和方解石,还有如鳞石英、方沸石、菱铁矿、方解石,少见锐钛矿、钾长石、赤铁矿、重晶石、钙芒硝、锐钛矿、石膏、文石、针铁矿、磷灰石和碳钠铝石等其他矿物。煤中矿物形态多样,有莓球状、细分散状、团块状、裂隙充填状、板状、片状、蠕虫状、胞腔充填状赋存等。研究区煤中的方沸石、文石、伊-蒙混层、菱镁矿与白云石、钙芒硝共生等标志性矿物的存在是煤层发育过程中受海水影响的矿物学证据。而菱镁矿和钙芒硝矿物共生组合可以说明该煤层经受陆表水或大陆地下水与海水的共同作用,最有可能代表潮坪—潟湖环境。煤中发现的鳞石英具有良好的六方双锥形态,粒径比自生石英颗粒大,属于火山灰输入亦或是陨石撞击地球后残存高温变形体矿物。
The focus of coal washing is to remove impurities in coal.The combination characteristics and occurrence forms of minerals in coal will affect the removal efficiency of minerals in coal,and the influence of mineral occurrence forms and dissemination characteristics is particularly prominent.It is of great practical significance to study the geochemical characteristics of minerals in coal in North China Coal Hosting Area,improve the removal efficiency of minerals after washing in the clean development of industrialized coal,and then reduce the emission pollution of minerals in the process of coal utilization.In view of the urgent need for green utilization of non-high-quality coal resources in China,based on coal geology,coal formed in different sedimentary environments is taken as the research object,and conventional and state-of-the-art scanning electron microscope+energy spectrum(SEM-EDX),X-ray diffraction spectrum(XRD),X-ray fluorescence spectrum(XRF)and other means and methods in the field of geology are used to study the occurrence characteristics of minerals in coal.The coal in the study area mainly contains clay minerals,quartz and calcite,as well as other minerals such as tridymite,analcime,siderite,calcite,rare anatase,potassium feldspar,hematite,barite,glauberite,anatase,gypsum,aragonite,goethite,apatite and sodalite.There are various forms of minerals in the coal,such as berry ball,fine dispersion,agglomerate,fissure filling,plate,flake,wormlike,cell cavity filling and so on.The existence of analcime,aragonite,illite-smectite mixed layer,magnesite and dolomite,glauberite symbiosis and other iconic minerals in the coal is the mineralogical evidence of the influence of seawater during the development of coal seams.The symbiotic combination of magnesite and glauberite minerals can indicate that the coal seam is subjected to the combined action of surface water or continental groundwater and seawater,which is most likely to represent the tidal flat-lagoon environment.The lepidolite found in coal has a good hexagonal bipyramidal shape,and its particle size is larger than that of authigenic quartz particles.It belongs to volcanic ash input or residual high-temperature deformed mineral after meteorite impact on the earth.
作者
杨承伟
YANG Chengwei(China Coal Research Institute Corporation Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;National Energy Technology&Equipment Laboratory of Coal Utilization and Emission Control,Beijing 100013,China;CCTEG Low-carbon Technology Institute,Beijing 100013,China)
出处
《煤质技术》
2025年第3期76-85,共10页
Coal Quality Technology
基金
煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司新产品新工艺开发基金资助项目(2025CG-MH-01)。
关键词
煤中矿物
地球化学特征
华北赋煤区
赋存形态
黏土矿物
脱除效率
minerals in coal
geochemical characteristics
North China Coal Hosting Area
form of occurrence
clay minerals
removal efficiency
