摘要
为评估新型蛋白源乙醇梭菌蛋白(CAP)在水产饲料中应用的可行性,文章以日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)为研究对象,探讨了CAP替代鱼粉后对其生长、代谢等影响。试验设计6组等氮等脂饲料包括D1(对照组、含25%鱼粉)、D2(CAP替代10%鱼粉)、D3(CAP替代20%鱼粉)、D4(CAP替代30%鱼粉)、D5(CAP替代40%鱼粉)和D6(CAP替代50%鱼粉),1200尾初始体重约0.1 g的日本沼虾幼虾随机分配到24个圆形塑料养殖桶,设6个处理组,每组4个平行,饲养8周。结果显示,CAP不影响日本沼虾存活率(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,在CAP替代20%鱼粉时,日本沼虾增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FCR)和蛋白质效率(PER)等生长指标均差异不显著(P>0.05);但当鱼粉替代水平超过30%以后,日本沼虾WGR、SGR和PER显著降低,FCR显著升高(P<0.05)。CAP替代鱼粉对日本沼虾水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分影响不显著(P>0.05)。在CAP替代鱼粉后,显著提高了日本沼虾肌肉中非必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量,特别是甘氨酸的含量(P<0.05)。在CAP替代10%鱼粉时,日本沼虾血淋巴总蛋白含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),肝胰腺脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);但是CAP替代高于10%鱼粉时,血淋巴总胆固醇、甘油三酯显著降低(P<0.05),葡萄糖显著升高(P<0.05)。在CAP替代20%鱼粉时,tor和sr-bⅠ基因相对表达量较对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。与D2组相比,D3组s6k1、atf4、acc、fas和hsl基因相对表达量显著升高(P<0.05)。除D3组tor、sr-bⅠ基因和D6组fas基因外(P<0.05),其他各试验组日本沼虾肝胰腺中s6k1、atf4、acc和hsl基因的相对表达量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。总之,在日本沼虾饲料中利用CAP替代20%鱼粉对其生长、蛋白质和脂质代谢无显著影响,CAP可以作为一种新型蛋白源应用于日本沼虾配合饲料中,为菌体蛋白在水产养殖中的应用提供数据支撑。
The discovery and developing of new protein feedstuff have always been an important research focus in aquatic feed industry.To evaluate the effects of new protein feedstuff Clostridium autoethanogenum protein(CAP)in aquatic feed,oriental river prawn(Macrobrachium nipponense)was studied to detect the growth performance,protein and lipid metabolism when it was fed diet with CAP replacing fishmeal(FM).Six isonitrogen and isolipids diets were formulated including D1(control group with 25%FM),D2(CAP replacing 10%FM),D3(CAP replacing 20%FM),D4(CAP replacing 30%FM),D5(CAP replacing 40%FM),and D6(CAP replacing 50%FM).A total of 1200 oriental river prawns[average initial body weight(0.102±0.001)g]were randomly divided into six treatments with four replicates.The feeding trail lasted for 8 weeks.Results showed no significant differences in survival rate of prawns in each treatment(P>0.05).The weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(WGR),feed coefficient ratio(FCR),and protein efficiency ratio(PER)of prawns fed diet with CAP replacing 20%FM were not significantly different from those in the control group(P>0.05).However,when CAP replaced more than 20%FM,the WGR,SGR,and PER significantly decreased,while FCR significantly increased compared to the control group(P<0.05).The whole body composition of prawns,including moisture,crude protein,lipid,and ash,was not significantly affected by the diet with CAP replacing FM(P>0.05).Notably,the non-essential amino acid content,total amino acid content,and especially glycine content in the prawn muscle significantly increased when CAP partially replaced FM in the diet(P<0.05).The total hemolymph protein of the prawn fed diet with CAP replacing 10%FM was not significantly different with that of the control group(P>0.05).The hepatopancreatic lipase activities were significantly higher in the D2 group than those in the control group(P<0.05).However,hemolymph total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly lower,while hemolymph glucose was significantly higher in the prawns fed diet with CAP replacing more than 10%FM compared to that in the control group(P<0.05).Gene expression analysis revealed that the relative expression of tor and sr-bⅠsignificantly up-regulated in the prawns fed diet with CAP replacing 20%FM than that in the control group(P<0.05).Moreover,when CAP replaced more than 20%FM,the relative expressions of s6k1,atf4,acc,fas,and hsl were upregulated significantly compared to the D2 group(P<0.05).Except for the tor and sr-bⅠgenes in D3 group and the fas gene in D6 group,the relative expressions of genes related to protein and lipid metabolism in the hepatopancreas showed no significantly difference from those of the control group(P>0.05).In conclusion,CAP can replace about 20%FM in the diet of M.nipponense without negative effect on growth performance.CAP holds potential as a novel feed ingredient in the aquaculture industry.
作者
高国栋
杨昶
Momodou Saidyleigh
刘波
潘良坤
夏冬
孙存鑫
郑肖川
周群兰
GAO Guo-Dong;YANG Chang;Momodou Saidyleigh;LIU Bo;PAN Liang-Kun;XIA Dong;SUN Cun-Xin;ZHENG Xiao-Chuan;ZHOU Qun-Lan(Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214081,China;Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health of CAFS,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Science,Wuxi 214081,China)
出处
《水生生物学报》
北大核心
2025年第7期112-121,共10页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
江苏省面上项目“5-HT1B/5-HT轴负反馈调控日本沼虾的打斗行为的机制研究”(BK20231138)
江苏现代农业(青虾)产业技术体系营养与饲料创新团队(JATS[2023]470)
国家虾蟹产业技术体系淡水虾营养与饲料岗位(CARS-48)资助。
关键词
乙醇梭菌蛋白
鱼粉替代
生长
营养代谢
肝胰腺
基因表达
日本沼虾
Clostridium autoethanogenum protein
Fishmeal replacement
Growth performance
Nutrient metabolism
Hepatopancreas
Gene expression
Oriental river prawn
