摘要
[目的]为深入剖析三江源地区土壤侵蚀空间分布和主导因素,保障区域生态安全。[方法]利用区域尺度土壤侵蚀过程模型PESERA模拟1983—2022年4个时段(每10 a为1个时段)三江源地区的平均侵蚀速率,并采用最优地理探测器分析单因子对侵蚀速率的解释力及多因子间的交互作用。[结果]PESERA模型在三江源地区验证结果较好(NSE=0.53,_(R)2=0.69)。三江源地区的侵蚀速率呈由南向北逐渐降低的空间分布特征,剧烈侵蚀[>150 t∕(hm^(2)·a)]、轻度侵蚀[<5 t∕(hm^(2)·a)]和微度侵蚀[5~25 t∕(hm^(2)·a)]分别集中在研究区南部的澜沧江源地区、西北部的长江源地区和东部黄河源地区,其余侵蚀强度主要在三江源南部地区。单因子探测结果表明,地形起伏度和降水量对侵蚀速率的解释力最高,分别为0.43和0.35。在交互分析中,降水量与植被覆盖度的交互作用解释力最高为0.73,地形起伏度与其他因子的共同作用显著提高对侵蚀速率的解释力。[结论]1983—2022年三江源土壤侵蚀以轻度侵蚀为主,侵蚀速率产生先上升后下降的时间变化,地形起伏度、降水量、植被覆盖度为影响该区域侵蚀的主要因素。研究结果为三江源地区的土壤侵蚀防治和生态保护提供有益参考。
[Objective]This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the spatial distribution and dominant influencing factors of soil erosion in the Three-River Headwater Region for ensuring regional ecological security.[Methods]The average erosion rate for four decadal periods from 1983 to 2022 was simulated using a regionalscale process-based erosion model,PESERA.The optimal Parameters-Based Geographical Detector(OPGD)method was employed to evaluate the explanatory power of individual factors on erosion rates and the interactions between multiple factors.[Results]The accuracy of PESERA modelling results was acceptable in the Three-River Headwater region(NSE=0.53,R^(2)=0.69).The spatial distribution of erosion rates showed a gradual decrease from south to north.Severe erosion[>150 t∕(hm^(2)·a)],mild erosion[<5 t∕(hm^(2)·a)],and slight erosion[5-25 t(∕hm^(2)·a)]were mainly concentrated in the headwater area of Lancang River(southern part of the study region),the headwater area of Yangtze River(northwestern part of the study region),and the headwater area of the Yellow River(eastern part of the study region),respectively.Other erosion intensities were mainly distributed across the southern parts of the Three-River Headwater Region.The analysis of individual factor detection revealed that terrain relief(0.43)and precipitation(0.35)were the most influential factors.Interaction analysis indicated that the combination of precipitation and vegetation cover had the highest explanatory power(0.73),while the interaction between terrain relief and other factors considerably enhanced their effects on erosion rates.[Conclusions]Between 1983 and 2022,mild erosion was the dominant type of soil erosion in the Three-River Headwater Region.Temporally,erosion rates exhibited an initial increasing trend followed by a subsequent decline.The main factors affecting soil erosion in the region were terrain relief,precipitation,and vegetation cover.The findings can provide valuable insights for soil conservation and ecological protection in the Three-River Headwater Region.
作者
李朋飞
张丽媛
胡晋飞
唐柄哲
严露
丹杨
赵广举
LI Pengfei;ZHANG Liyuan;HU Jinfei;TANG Bingzhe;YAN Lu;DAN Yang;ZHAO Guangju(College of Geomatics,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China;National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China)
出处
《水土保持学报》
北大核心
2025年第3期41-52,共12页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42207407,U2243211)
榆林高新区“科学家+工程师”项目(YGXKG-2023-105)
中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XD20040202)。
