摘要
在陕甘宁边区,不仅农民所有的土地十分分散,地主买进或者典进的土地也存在高度散碎化的问题。土地散碎化导致农民无论是耕种自己的土地,还是租种地主的土地,都浪费了大量的人力、畜力和物力,导致生产效率低下。同时,土地的高度散碎化对当时边区政府大力倡导的互助合作运动也造成了严重阻碍。因此,土地所有、占有和使用的散碎化现象是边区亟待解决的农业生产问题。在当时土地私有制的背景下,边区政府利用民间早已存在的调换土地的传统习惯,通过兑地和调剂土地的方式,将远地兑换成近地、将零碎的小块地整合为大块田地、将山地调剂为川地,以达到便利于耕作、提高劳动效率和种植某些经济作物等目的。在当前中国农村,土地散碎化的问题也十分突出,这阻碍了农业机械化和规模化经营的进程,因此,借鉴延安时期的兑地和调剂土地形式很有必要。
In the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region,not only is the land owned by farmers very scattered,but there is also a high degree of fragmentation in the land bought or acquired by landlords.The fragmentation of land causes farmers to waste a large amount of manpower,animal and material resources,whether they are cultivating their own land or renting land from landlords,resulting in low production efficiency.At the same time,the highly fragmented land also posed a serious obstacle to the mutual aid and cooperation movement vigorously advocated by the border government at that time.So,the fragmentation of land ownership,possession,and use is an urgent agricultural production problem that needs to be solved.In the context of private land ownership at that time,the border area government utilized the traditional practice of exchanging land that had already existed among the people.Through land exchange and adjustment,they exchanged distant land for nearby land,integrated fragmented small plots of land into large plots of land,and adjusted mountainous areas into Sichuan land,in order to facilitate cultivation,improve labor efficiency,and plant certain economic crops.In the current rural areas of China,the problem of fragmented land is very prominent,which hinders the process of agricultural mechanization and large-scale operation.Therefore,it is necessary to learn from the land exchange and adjustment forms during the Yan’an Period.
作者
黄会奇
牛保明
HUANG Hui-qi;NIU Bao-ming(Research Center of Revolutionary Spirit and Cultural Resources of the Communist Party of China,Yan’an University;School of Petroleum Engineering,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,Shaanxi)
出处
《延安大学学报(社会科学版)》
2025年第3期43-50,共8页
Journal of Yan'an University (Social Sciences Edition)
基金
陕西省社会科学规划项目“习仲勋与陕甘边根据地的土地改革”(2022B057)
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“数字化赋能红色场馆教育资源研究——以延安革命纪念馆为例”(23JJD710011)。
关键词
陕甘宁边区
散碎化
兑地
Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region
fragmentation
exchange land
