摘要
焦页1HF井是继北美后首个商业开发的页岩气田——涪陵气田的发现井和功勋井。为了让业内了解中国页岩油气压裂自主创新与迭代融合历程,打造页岩革命新质生产力,系统回顾了焦页1HF增强型体积压裂(Enhanced Stimulated Reservoir Volume,ESRV)技术研发与实践,剖析了地质工程和开采特征,明确了成缝机制等关键理论技术、主要启示和下一步研发方向。研究结果表明:①焦页1HF井深水陆棚优质页岩发育,顶底板和保存条件好,脆性好,黏度矿物适中,天然裂缝不发育,层理缝发育,应力差异大,水平段长1007.9 m,主体穿行于下志留统龙马溪组地层中上部层位。压裂施工中增加压裂液黏度,提高缝内净压力,压开层理缝等力学薄弱环节,结合脆性页岩压裂人工裂缝,即使在应力差异大的情况下,也形成了复杂网络裂缝。②焦页1HF采用100目陶粒+40/70目+30/50目覆膜砂支撑剂组合和高效变黏粉剂滑溜水,创新实施提升净压力、压开层理缝、控近扩远、控液增砂和变黏度变排量变砂比ESRV压裂,共15段/36簇,用液量18716 m^(3),加砂量1551 t,排量8~12 m^(3)/min,滑溜水降阻率78%,最高砂比27%,率先试获稳定高产气流,实现战略性重大突破,历经稳产降压和定压递减两个阶段,现已累计自喷生产页岩气约1.8×10^(8)m^(3),缝控储量采收率大于50%,示范引领了焦石坝区块页岩气井普遍高产和涪陵页岩气田高效开发。③压开层理促复杂、控液增砂强导流和变黏扩体提产量是ESRV压裂技术关键,突破了天然裂缝不发育、应力差异大难以形成复杂裂缝等页岩压裂传统认知,丰富了压裂理论,混合压裂、组合加砂和高效变黏滑溜水已成为世界非常规油气压裂的标准做法。结论认为,焦页1HF高产突破和涪陵气田的高产稳产是页岩气二元富集和ESRV压裂理论技术指导实践的典型案例,展现了中国页岩气千米水平段最终可采储量(EUR)(2~3)×10^(8)m^(3)的资源动用能力和技术水平,可为中国页岩革命自主创新提供示范与借鉴。
Well JY1HF is a discovery well and a pioneer well in the Fuling Gas Field,which is the first commercially developed shale gas field after North America.In order to enable the industry to understand China's independent innovation and iterative integration process of shale oil and gas fracturing,and to create a new quality productivity for the shale revolution,this paper systematically reviews the development and application of enhanced stimulated reservoir volume(ESRV)fracturing technology in Well JY1HF,analyzes its geological,engineering and production characteristics,and clarifies key theories and technologies(e.g.fracturing mechanism),their implications and next research directions.The following results are obtained.First,in Well JY1HF,high-quality deep-water shelf shale is developed with favorable roof,floor and preservation conditions,good brittleness,moderate clay mineral content,undeveloped natural fractures,developed bedding fractures,and significant stress contrast,and its horizontal section is 1007.9 m long,mainly running in the middle and upper horizons of Longmaxi Formation.In the process of fracturing,the viscosity of fracturing fluid and the net pressure within the fracture are increased,and mechanically weak parts are fractured,such as bedding fracture,and combined with hydraulic fractures in brittle shale,complex fracture network can be formed in spite of large stress contrast.Second,as for Well JY1HF,a proppant combination of 100-mesh ceramic,40/70 and 30/50 resin-coated sand,and high-efficiency variable-viscosity slickwater are adopted,and ESRV fracturing is innovatively implemented,like increasing net pressure,activating bedding fractures,controlling the near wellbore fractures and extending the far ones,controlling liquid intensity and increasing proppant intensity,and varying viscosity,pumping rate and sand concentration.The fracturing operation involves 15 stages of 36 clusters,with fracturing fluid of 18716 m the injection rate of 8–12 m^(3)/min.The friction reduction rate of slickwater is 78%,and the maximum sand concentration is 27%.This well takes 3 and proppant of 1551 t,at the lead in obtaining stable and high-yield gas flow and realizing strategic breakthrough.After experiencing two stages,i.e.,stable production with pressure decline,and production decline with constant pressure,it has cumulative natural gas production of about 1.8×10^(8)m^(3)and fracturecontrolled recovery factor exceeding 50%,which demonstrates and leads the general high yield of shale gas wells in Jiaoshiba Block and the efficient development of Fuling Shale Gas Field.Third,fracturing beddings to promote fracture complexity,controlling liquid and increasing proppant intensity to enhance conductivity,and varying viscosity and expanding SRV to increase production rate are the key technologies of ESRV fracturing,which breaks through the traditional understanding of shale fracturing that undeveloped natural fractures and large stress contrast make it difficult to form complex fractures,and enriches the fracturing theories.ESRV fracturing and efficient variable-viscosity slickwater have become the worldwide standard practices of unconventional oil and gas fracturing.In conclusion,the breakthrough in the high yield of Well JY1HF and the high and stable production of Fuling Gas Field are the typical practical cases under the guidance of binary enrichment and ESRV fracturing theories and technologies for shale gas,exhibit the resource development capacity and technological level of China's shale gas horizontal section of 1000 m long with EUR of(2–3)×10^(8)m^(3),and can provide demonstration and reference for China's independent innovation of shale revolution.
作者
贾长贵
JIA Changgui(State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil&Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development,Beijing 102206,China;SinopecPetroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102206,China;Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil&GasDrilling,Completion and Fracturing,Beijing 102206,China)
出处
《天然气工业》
北大核心
2025年第5期87-101,共15页
Natural Gas Industry
基金
国家科技重大专项课题“3000型压裂车组大型压裂酸化先导试验”(编号:2011ZX05048-006-002)
中国石化科技攻关课题“页岩气网络压裂机理及设计方法研究”(编号:P11013)
中国石化先导试验项目“元坝/涪陵页岩压裂技术先导试验”(编号:YTXD-PT1201D)和“涪陵地区页岩气压裂技术设计方案优化研究”(编号:YTXD-PT1308D).
