摘要
幼儿园作为教育体系中的低洼地带,其入学可达性的精准量化有助于评估学前教育资源的空间分配效率。以兰州市主城区为案例地,结合幼儿园POI、适龄儿童数量、学位数、道路等级等数据,运用核密度分析、多等级-多出行模式高斯可达性算法对不同等级幼儿园集聚特征、入学可达性进行量化,并运用空间回归模型、双变量空间自相关探讨入学可达性分布的影响因素。结果表明:(1)幼儿园整体呈“一核”“四心”带状分布特征,密集度自东向西递减,省级标准园、市级标准园、区级标准园、一般园基本呈“单核心”空间分布特征。(2)幼儿园整体入学可达性等级呈“重心偏东”“南优北劣”的空间偏向性,不同等级品质幼儿园入学可达性均呈“多中心”结构特征,4类等级园中,一般园入学可达性高值区域最多,反映出其在承担幼儿就近入学方面起主要作用。(3)学龄人口、家庭经济状况、幼儿园招生名额对入学可达性有显著的正向作用,路网密度、公交站、对入学可达性具有负向作用,但相关性不显著,此外幼儿园保教费对入学可达性也具有负向作用。
Accurately quantifying the accessibility of kindergarten education is essential for evaluating the spatial allocation efficiency of resources,particularly in underrepresented areas of the education system.This study focuses on the main urban area of Lanzhou City,Gansu Province,China,utilizing data on kindergarten points of interest,school-age children,available places,and road grades.Using kernel density analysis and a multi-levelmulti-travel mode Gaussian accessibility algorithm,we examine the agglomeration characteristics and accessibility of kindergartens at various levels.We also employ a spatial regression model and bivariate spatial autocorrelation to investigate the factors affecting accessibility distribution.The findings reveal that:(1)Kindergartens are distributed in“one core”and“four center”patterns,with density decreasing from east to west.Notably,densely populated areas in Xigu District are independently clustered.The classifications of provincial-level,municipallevel,district-level standard kindergartens,and general kindergartens predominantly exhibit the spatial distribution characteristics of a“single core”.(2)The accessibility of all kindergartens displays a spatial bias trending eastward,and“south-to-north”,and high accessibility areas are concentrated in Chengguan District and Qilihe District.The accessibility of kindergartens,based on their grades and quality,shows a“multi-center”structure,with general kindergartens reflecting the highest accessibility values,indicating their significant role in serving local enrollment.(3)Factors such as school-age population,family economic status,and kindergarten enrollment quotas influence school accessibility.By contrast,road network density and bus stop availability negatively affect accessibility,although this correlation is not significant.Kindergarten education fees also have a negative effect on accessibility.
作者
郭念发
王录仓
GUO Nianfa;WANG Lucang(School of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)
出处
《干旱区地理》
北大核心
2025年第6期1043-1054,共12页
Arid Land Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42371219)
绿洲科学科研成果突破行动计划(NWNU-LZKX-202302)资助。
关键词
幼儿园
空间分布
入学可达性
影响因素
兰州市主城区
kindergarten
spatial distribution
accessibility to enrollment
influencing factors
the main urban area of Lanzhou City
