摘要
旨在利用高通量测序及酶学手段揭示枸杞园滴灌施用吡虫啉(有效成分0.7 kg/667m^(2))对不同空间土壤中微生物群落及酶活性的影响。结果显示,滴灌施药30 d后,表层土壤(0~5 cm)中吡虫啉残留量最大,占比高于76%。滴施吡虫啉对枸杞土壤过氧化物酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性无显著的影响,显著提高了距滴头水平距离25 cm处5~15 cm和15~30 cm土层中的脲酶活性,对其他土层中的脲酶活性无显著的影响。高通量测序结果显示,滴施吡虫啉30 d后,土壤细菌群落的多样性、组成、结构及功能均无显著变化,且其最优势类群节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)能够被高浓度吡虫啉激活,丰度为对照的1.58~2.27倍,可参与土壤自身的解毒和修复。真菌群落受吡虫啉浓度及土壤环境的影响变化较大,无明显的规律。优势类群有害镰刀菌属(Fusarium)被高浓度吡虫啉激活,丰度提高5.28%~15.61%,但有害链格孢属(Alternaria)被抑制,丰度降低33.96%~49.82%。优势类群与吡虫啉残留量的相关性较差,相关系数小于0.7,表明类群差异性还可能受到其他因素的影响。在现有滴灌浓度下,探寻施药过程中镰刀菌属为代表的有害真菌类群的控制策略是减少吡虫啉对土壤微生物群落负面影响的关键。滴灌施药技术仍需从农药活性成分、剂型及滴灌参数等方面进行优化。
In this study,the high-throughput sequencing technologies and enzymatic methods were used to reveal the changes in the microbial community and enzyme activity in soil samples from different depths of Lycium chinense after drip irrigation with imidacloprid(active ingredient 0.7 kg/667m^(2))for 30 days.The results showed that imidacloprid residues were highest in the top soil layers(0-5 cm),accounting for more than 76%of the total.Drip irrigation with imidacloprid elevated the urease activity in the 5-15 cm and 15-30 cm soil layers at a horizontal distance of 25 cm from the drip tips.However,the urease activity in other soil samples,as well as the activity of peroxidase andβ-glucosidase in all samples,were not significantly affected.The bacterial community was not significantly influenced by imidacloprid through drip irrigation in its diversity,composition,structure and function.The most dominant bacterial group,Arthrobacter,was activated by high concentrations of imidacloprid(1.58 to 2.27 times of the control in abundance),and may participate in the detoxification and repair processes of the soil.The fungal community was affected by both the imidacloprid concentrations and the soil environment,but no consistent pattern was observed.The dominant group of Fusarium was activated by high concentrations of imidacloprid with the abundance increasing by 5.28%to 15.61%,while the harmful Alternaria was inhibited,with the abundance decreasing by 33.96%to 49.82%.At the current drip irrigation concentration of 0.7 kg/667m^(2),controlling Fusarium spp.during drip irrigation is crutial for reducing the negative impacts of imidacloprid on the soil microbial community.Pesticide application by the drip irrigation technology still needs to be optimized in terms of active ingredients,formulations,and drip irrigation parameters.
作者
陈崇斌
张云飞
陈佳斌
张淑静
王芳
CHEN Chongbin;ZHANG Yunfei;CHEN Jiabin;ZHANG Shujing;WANG Fang(School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Roman Institute of Plant Protection,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China)
出处
《西北农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期1151-1160,共10页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica
基金
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2021BEF02006)
海南大学科研启动基金[KYQD(ZR)20024,KYQD(ZR)20025]。
关键词
滴灌
吡虫啉
枸杞土壤
微生物群落
酶活性
Drip irrigation
Imidacloprid
Soil of Lycium chinense
Microbial community
Enzyme activity
