摘要
深中通道海底沉管隧道全长6845m,双向八车道,最宽断面达到双向十二车道,是世界上最宽断面公路沉管隧道及国内首例海底互通隧道。以往,沉管隧道排烟系统主要采用侧向集中排烟技术进行排烟。由于深中通道海底沉管隧道超宽断面及多节点的特点,采用传统侧向集中排烟技术的排烟效率下降,不能满足火灾工况下人员疏散安全性要求。为保证人员疏散安全性,首次设计完成了横向排烟道+侧壁排烟口的新型排烟系统。首先依据相关规范和美国防火协会(NFPA502)等相关标准,设计了隧道火灾设计当量、排烟量等相关技术参数。然后采用理论分析和数值模拟(CFD)等手段设计完成了排烟系统的射流风机、横向排烟道、排烟风机功率、轴流排烟风机房等。最后设计完成了不同火灾场景下的排烟控制策略。以往隧道火灾实验验证主要采用小尺寸模型实验或者长度较短的全尺寸隧道开展静态实验,由于受尺寸效应及实验条件限制,无法进行真实场景下的通风排烟实验验证。该文针对排烟系统,在深中海底沉管隧道现场3个不同位置,首次采用全尺寸火灾实验,对14个工况进行了静态及全要素实验验证。通过现场火灾实验,对不同工况下的速度场、温度场变化规律进行了研究。通过实验结果分析,深中通道海底沉管隧道新型排烟系统满足排烟设计要求。
[Objective]The Shenzhen–Zhongshan Link immersed tunnel has a total length of 6845 m,featuring eight two-way lanes,with the widest section expanding to 12 two-way lanes.It is the world’s widest cross-section immersed tunnel and China’s first subsea interchange tunnel.Traditionally,smoke exhaust systems in immersed tunnels have relied on sidewall-concentrated exhaust technology.However,owing to the ultra-wide cross-section and multi-node characteristics of the Shenzhen–Zhongshan Link immersed tunnel,this conventional approach reduces smoke exhaust efficiency and fails to meet safety requirements for personnel evacuation in the event of a fire.[Methods]To enhance tunnel safety,a new smoke exhaust system incorporating a transverse smoke exhaust duct and sidewall exhaust ports was designed.First,in accordance with relevant specifications and the standards of the American Fire Protection Association(NFPA 502),key technical parameters such as fire design equivalency and smoke exhaust volume were determined.Then,through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,components of the exhaust system—ncluding the jet fan,transverse exhaust duct,exhaust fan power,and axial exhaust fan room—were designed and finalized.Finally,a smoke control strategy was developed for different fire scenarios.Traditionally,the experimental verification of tunnel fires has relied on small-scale model experiments or static tests in shorter full-size tunnels.However,owing to size effects and experimental limitations,ventilation and smoke exhaust verification could not be performed under real-world conditions.[Results and Conclusions]For the first time,a full-scale fire experiment was conducted at three locations in the Shenzhen–Zhongshan Link immersed tunnel to evaluate the smoke exhaust system.Static and comprehensive tests were performed under 14 working conditions.Through these on-site fire experiments,the variation patterns of the velocity and temperature fields under different conditions were analyzed.The results of the full-scale experimental study confirmed that the new smoke exhaust system in the Shenzhen–Zhongshan Link immersed tunnel meets the required smoke exhaust design standards.
作者
杨秀军
钟茂华
潘荣亮
岳顺禹
成亮
YANG Xiujun;ZHONG Maohua;PAN Rongliang;YUE Shunyu;CHENG Liang(School of Safety Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Jiaoke Transport Consultants Ltd.,Beijing 100191,China)
出处
《实验技术与管理》
北大核心
2025年第5期1-8,共8页
Experimental Technology and Management
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52374210)。
关键词
超宽断面
沉管隧道
新型排烟系统
全尺寸火灾实验
ultrawide
immersed tunnel
new smoke exhaust system
full-scale fire experiment
