摘要
地处白龙江中游的武都区防汛抗洪任务重,为明确该地区水文特征,预防泥石流等地质灾害发生、支撑河流保护与治理以及水资源的合理开发利用,对该区域代表水文站点的长系列降水、流量、输沙率等资料进行分析。结果表明:(1)该地区降水年际变化较稳定,Cv值0.16~0.21。年最大日降水量年际变化相对较大,Cv值0.29~0.42。年内分布不均匀,降水主要集中在6月~9月;(2)受气候变化和人类活动影响,径流呈逐年下降趋势,年际变化主要分三个时段,1993年之前呈增长趋势;1994年~2017年呈减小趋势;2018年至今整体呈增大趋势。径流年内分布不均匀,拱坝河最为明显;(3)输沙量逐年减小,植树造林等保护水土流失的活动效果显著。输沙量年际变化趋势较径流量更为剧烈。年内分布极不均匀,6月~9月输沙量占全年81.5%以上,非汛期(1月~3月及11月~12月)不及多年平均输沙量的1.5%。
Located in the middle reaches of the Bailong River,Wudu District faces significant flood control and disaster prevention responsibilities.In order to better understand the region's hydrological characteristics,prevent geological disasters such as debris flows,support river protection and management,and ensure the rational development and utilization of water resources,this study analyzes long-term data from representative hydrological stations in the area,including precipitation,runoff and sediment transport rates.The results indicate that:The interannual variation of precipitation in the region is relatively stable,with a coefficient of variation(C,)ranging from 0.16 to 0.21.The annual maximum daily precipitation shows relatively larger interannual fluctuations,with C,values between 0.29 and 0.42.Precipitation is unevenly distributed throughout the year,mostly concentrated from June to September.②Influenced by climate change and human activities,runoff has shown a decreasing trend over the years.The interannual changes can be divided into three stages:increasing before 1993;decreasing from 1994 to 2017;and increasing again from 2018 to the present.The intra-annual distribution of runoff is also uneven,with Gongba River showing the most pronounced pattern.Sediment transport has decreased year by year,with significant effects from soil and water conservation efforts such as afforestation.The interannual variation trend of sediment transport is more dramatic than that of runoff.Its distribution within the year is highly unevenover 81.5%of sediment transport occurs between June and September,while during the non-flood season(January-March and November-December),sediment transport accounts for less than 1.5%of the multi-year average.
作者
潘昱帆
何炜
Pan Yufan;He Wei(Gansu Longnan Hydrological and Water Resources Survey Center,Chengxian 742500,Gansu)
出处
《陕西水利》
2025年第6期1-4,共4页
Shaanxi Water Resources
基金
甘肃省水利科学试验研究及技术推广计划(22GSLK061)
甘肃省水利科学试验研究及技术推广项目([2021]53号)
2021年甘肃省水利科学试验研究及技术推广项目(甘水建管发[2021]71号)。
关键词
白龙江
水文特性
武都区
降水量
径流量
Bailong river
hydrological characteristics
Wudu district
precipitation
runoff
