摘要
我国是全球最大的食用菌生产国和消费国,食用菌产业在乡村振兴和食物安全保障中发挥着重要作用。为此,本文系统综述了我国食用菌育种的研究现状,包括品种认定、新品种保护、专利申请情况、主要育种技术及栽培品种选育方法。研究发现,我国食用菌育种技术从传统的人工选择育种逐步发展为杂交育种、原生质体融合育种、诱变育种及分子育种等多技术融合的现代育种体系;其中,杂交育种在香菇等主栽品种选育中占据主导地位,分子育种技术的应用虽起步较晚,但展现出巨大潜力。此外,文章分析了我国食用菌产业在品种保护、基础研究及技术创新方面的不足,并建议加强新品种知识产权保护、深化分子育种研究,以促进食用菌产业的高质量发展。
China is the world's largest producer and consumer of edible fungi,and the industry plays a crucial role in rural revitalization and food security.The current status of edible fungi breeding in China is systematically reviewed,covering variety certification,new variety protection,patent applications,major breeding technologies and cultivar selection methods.The study reveals that China's edible fungi breeding technology has evolved from traditional artificial selection to a modern system integrating hybridization,protoplast fusion,mutagenesis and molecular breeding.Among these,hybridization breeding dominates in the selection of major cultivars such as Lentinula edodes , while molecular breeding, though still in its early stages, shows significant potential. Additionally, the paper identifies shortcomings in variety protection, fundamental research and technological innovation within China's edible fungi industry, and proposes measures to strengthen intellectual property protection for new varieties and advance molecular breeding research to promote high-quality industry development.
作者
谷莉
高琪
严冬
宋爽
王守现
刘宇
宗宪春
范阳阳
GU Li;GAO Qi;YAN Dong;SONG Shuang;WANG Shouxian;LIU Yu;ZONG Xianchun;FAN Yangyang(College of Life Science and Technology,Mudanjiang Normal University,Mudanjiang 157011,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Engineering Research Center for Edible Mushroom,Beijing 100097,China)
出处
《蔬菜》
2025年第6期27-42,共16页
Vegetables
基金
北京市农林科学院青年科研基金(QNJJ202317)
国家食用菌产业技术体系(CARS20)
现代农业产业技术体系北京市食用菌创新团队(BAIC03)。
关键词
食用菌育种
品种保护
品种登记
分子育种
杂交育种
原生质体融合
诱变育种
edible fungi breeding
variety protection
variety registration
molecular breeding
hybridization breeding
protoplast fusion
mutagenesis breeding
