摘要
【目的】探究外源6-BA对孕穗期低温胁迫后小麦光合性能及产量下降的缓解效果。【方法】选用低温迟钝型品种烟农19和低温敏感型品种皖麦52进行盆栽试验。每盆装入0—20 cm大田耕层土壤,然后将盆栽埋置于试验田内。于孕穗期,将盆栽小麦移入人工生长室内进行低温胁迫处理,设置两个处理温度:-2℃、0℃,低温处理时间为18:00—6:00,其余时段(6:00—18:00)温度均为5℃,处理周期为24 h,处理结束后移回大田。设置4个6-BA溶液喷施浓度处理:0(CK)、10、20、30 mg/L,低温处理后1天进行喷施。在抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期,取小麦旗叶样品,测定SPAD值、光合性能指标、光合相关酶活性。开花后10天起,取籽粒样品,测定灌浆特性、产量及其构成因素。【结果】与CK相比,喷施6-BA均提高了两个低温胁迫小麦旗叶SPAD值、净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))以及最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m));喷施6-BA处理的小麦旗叶RuBP羧化酶活性在花后10天提高12.72%~53.64%,PEP羧化酶活性提高6.40%~44.17%。低温胁迫处理后,外源6-BA溶液提高了籽粒千粒重和灌浆速率。与对照相比,烟农19喷施6-BA处理的灌浆平均速率和千粒重分别提高1.12%~25.00%和1.32%~20.84%,皖麦52分别提高了2.75%~28.42%和6.26%~27.67%。外源6-BA对低温敏感的小麦皖麦52产量的修复效果优于对低温迟钝型小麦品种烟农19。【结论】外源6-BA能够显著改善孕穗期低温后小麦旗叶的光合特性,提高小麦籽粒灌浆能力,减轻低温胁迫造成的减产。在本试验条件下,20 mg/L的外源6-BA缓解低温胁迫的效果最好。
【Objectives】We explored the alleviation effect of exogenous 6-benzylaminoadenine(6-BA)on the decline of photosynthetic performance and yield of wheat after low temperature(LT)stress at booting stage,and the appropriate spray concentration.【Methods】A low temperature insensitive wheat variety‘Yannong 19’and a sensitive wheat variety‘Wanmai 52’were selected as the test materials in a pot experiment.The wheat pots were filled with the 0-20 cm layer soil,and then the potted plants were buried into soil during the wheat growing periods.At the boosting stage,wheat pots were dug out and subjected to low temperature stress in a growing chamber for one day.The designed low temperatures were-2℃,and 0℃ during 18:00-6:00,and 5℃ during 6:00-18:00.Then the wheat pots were moved back to the field and sprayed with 10,20 and 30 mg/L 6-BA solution,and the same amount of distilled water as control,respectively.At the booting,grain filling and maturing stage of wheat,the flag leaf samples were collected for the measurements of SPAD,photosynthetic parameters and relative enzyme activities.Grain samples were collected since the 10th day of anthesis for the determination of grain filling rate,at maturing stage,yield and 1000-grain weight were investigated.【Results】Compared with the control group,spraying 6-BA increased the SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),transpiration rate(T_(r))and maximum photochemical efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m))of flag leaves of wheat subjected to low temperature stress,and increased the RuBP carboxylase activity by 12.72%-53.64%and the PEP carboxylase activity by 6.40%-44.17%.Compared with the control,spraying 6-BA increased the average grain filling rate and 1000-grain weight of Yannong 19 by 1.12%-25.00%and 1.32%-20.84%,respectively,and increased the average grain filling rate and 1000-grain weight of Wanmai 52 by 2.75%-28.42%and 6.26%-27.67%,respectively.The recovery effect of exogenous 6-BA on the yield of sensitive wheat variety‘Wanmai 52’was superior to that on the low temperature insensitive wheat variety‘Yannong 19’.【Conclusions】Spraying 6-BA at booting stage can significantly improve the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat flag leaves after low temperature stress,speed up the grain filling rate and enhance the 1000-grain weight of wheat,thus reduce the yield loss caused by low temperature stress.In this experiment,20 mg/L 6-BA solution shows the best mitigation effect on the effects of low temperature stress.
作者
栾佳萌
欧星雨
姜悦和
王百稳
熊燕玲
汪吉祥
黄正来
马尚宇
张文静
LUAN Jia-meng;OU Xing-yu;JIANG Yue-he;WANG Bai-wen;XIONG Yan-ling;WANG Ji-xiang;HUANG Zheng-lai;MA Shang-yu;ZHANG Wen-jing(College of Agriculture,Anhui Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Southern Huanghuai Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hefei,Anhui 230036,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期845-860,共16页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32372223)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD230020203)
安徽省高等学校科学研究重大项目(2023AH040133)
安徽省大学生创新创业计划项目(S202210364136)。
关键词
小麦
孕穗期低温
光合特性
灌浆特性
产量
wheat
low temperature at booting
photosynthetic characteristics
grain filling characteristics
yield
