摘要
简单趋向补语是对外汉语初级阶段的重要语法项目。趋向补语“上”从实义到虚化的过程分化出趋向义、结果义和状态义等复杂的语法意义。研究发现:结果义是不同阶段二语学习者使用频率最高的语法意义,偏误率也较高,偏误类型主要是“上”的误加、遗漏和误代;“V上”构成要素、宾语及整个结构的语义特征是习得难点;补语“上”的不同语法意义在教学实践中应细化并分散到不同学习阶段,并将结果义作为教学重点内容。因此,应加强“语法意义分层对比”和“结构语义并重”教学,以有效降低趋向补语引申用法的习得难度。
The simple directional complement is an important grammatical item in the elementary stage of Chinese as a foreign language.The directional complement“shang”differentiates into complex grammatical meanings such as directional meaning,resultative meaning and stative meaning in the process from its concrete meaning to its grammaticalized meaning.It is found that the resultative meaning is the grammatical meaning with the highest usage frequency among second language learners at different stages,and the error rate is also relatively high.The types of errors mainly include the inappropriate addition,omission and misplacement of“shang”.The constituent elements,the object and the whole structure of“V+shang”are the difficulties in acquisition.We believe that the different grammatical meanings of the complement“shang”should be refined and dispersed to different learning stages,and the result meaning should be taken as the key content of teaching.The different grammatical meanings of the complement“shang”should be refined and distributed in different learning stages in teaching practice,with the resultative meaning as the key content of teaching.Therefore,teaching that emphasizes“hierarchical comparison of grammatical meanings”and“both structural and semantic aspects”should be strengthened to effectively reduce the difficulty of acquiring the extended usage of directional complements.
作者
聂羽菲
NIE Yufei(Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Chongqing Yitong College,Chongqing 401520,China)
出处
《河南科技学院学报(社会科学版)》
2025年第5期76-84,共9页
Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology
基金
重庆市社会科学规划外语专项项目“课程思政背景下文化自信融入外语教育路径研究”(2021WYZX26),主持人:熊光源
重庆移通学院校级应用研究项目“教育心理学视角下先行组织者促进外语语法习得的理论及应用研究”(KY2024056),主持人:聂羽菲。
关键词
“V上”结构
习得
偏误分析
教学建议
“V+shang”structure
acquisition
error analysis
teaching suggestion
