摘要
作为乾嘉考据学派齐名的两大清儒,惠栋和戴震的学术关系及治经异同向来是学界讨论热点。通过比较《尚书古义》和《尚书义考》可以发现,惠、戴在训诂方面有合亦有别。从引证材料来看,二人均旁征博引,选择证据以古为尚,而惠栋更偏重汉代及以前文献语料,戴震则各朝兼采;从文献类型来看,二人同时体现出重视字书的特点,此外惠栋还颇重史书,以史证经,而戴震则重视名物、典制之学。从文字训诂角度看,惠、戴二人均主张治经从识字、审音开始,然考释字义时,惠栋倾向于以形释义,戴震倾向于因声求义。从文字校勘角度看,惠、戴皆以校勘为训诂前提,能够综合运用多种校勘方法,其中惠栋以对校为主,戴震理校多有精到论说。他们力求严谨、实事求是的治学态度分别为吴派、皖派学者提供了科学的研究范式。
As two eminent Confucian scholars of the Qing Dynasty who were equally renowned in the Qian-Jia School of Textual Criticism,Hui Dong and Dai Zhen's academic relationship and their similarities and differences in classical studies have long been a focal point of scholarly discussion.By comparing Shangshu Guyi and Shangshu Yikao,it can be observed that Hui and Dai share commonalities as well as distinctions in exegesis.In terms of cited materials,both scholars extensively referenced ancient sources,prioritizing early evidence.However,Hui Dong placed greater emphasis on pre-Han and Han dynasty texts,while Dai Zhen drew from materials across various dynasties.Regarding the types of sources,both demonstrated a strong reliance on lexicographical works,but Hui Dong also frequently employed historical texts to corroborate classical interpretations,whereas Dai Zhen focused more on studies of nomenclature and institutional systems.From the perspective of textual exegesis,both Hui and Dai advocated beginning classical studies with character recognition and phonetic analysis.Yet,in interpreting character meanings,Hui Dong tended to rely on graphic analysis,while Dai Zhen favored phonetic derivation.In textual collation,both regarded collation as a prerequisite for exegesis and skillfully applied multiple collation methods—Hui Dong primarily employed comparative collation,whereas Dai Zhen excelled in rational emendation with incisive arguments.Their rigorous,evidence-based scholarly approaches served as paradigms for theWu andWan schools of classical studies,respectively.
作者
徐玲英
梁妍
XU Lingying;LIANG Yan(College of Liberal Arts,Anhui University,Hefei Anhui,230039,China)
出处
《安庆师范大学学报(社会科学版)》
2025年第2期124-128,共5页
Journal of Anqing Normal University:Social Science Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“戴震学术成就及其对皖派朴学的引领”(20FZXB044)
安徽省高等学校高峰学科建设“徽学”委托项目“戴震训诂学成就及其对皖派朴学的效应”(GFXKOHX005)。
关键词
惠栋
戴震
乾嘉学派
治经方法
Hui Dong
Dai Zhen
Qian-Jia School
methods of classical studies
