摘要
【目的】在能源结构向低碳化转型的背景下,电化学储能技术凭借其高效能量转换效率,已成为推动可再生能源规模化应用的关键支撑。然而,极端环境下储能器件的性能退化问题,显著限制了其实际应用潜力。为系统研究极端环境对电化学储能材料及器件的关键影响机制,提出针对性优化策略,提升储能器件的极端环境适应性。【方法】本文系统梳理了极端环境对电化学储能材料及器件的关键影响机制,通过分析低温、高温、电解质及高盐度四类极端环境的作用机理,聚焦于四类优化策略:低温电解液改性、耐高温电极材料开发、仿生界面缓冲结构构建及抗盐腐蚀材料研发。【结果】改性策略显著提升了储能器件的极端环境适应性:1)低温电解液改性,基于深共晶溶剂与高浓度锂盐的电解液,在-50℃下实现离子电导率4.8 mS/cm,循环效率达92%;2)耐高温材料开发,钠超离子导体型复合正极在80℃下循环500次后容量保持率为91.3%;3)界面工程优化,仿生梯度缓冲层设计使电极在15 MPa机械应力下界面分层率降低67%,循环寿命延长3倍;4)抗盐腐蚀材料,疏水性二维新型材料(MXene)/聚合物复合涂层在高盐度环境中将腐蚀速率抑制至0.02 mm/a,电化学效率衰减率下降58%。【结论】未来研究应聚焦零应变合金电极、仿生离子通道电解质等关键材料,构建多尺度失效分析模型与标准评估体系。通过跨学科融合,推动电化学储能技术从实验室向深海、深空等极端环境规模化应用,支撑全球能源转型。
[Objective]Under the background of the transformation of energy structure to decarbonisation,electrochemical energy storage technology has become a key support to promote the large-scale application of renewable energy by virtue of its high energy conversion efficiency.However,the performance degradation of energy storage devices in extreme environments has significantly limited their practical application potential.In order to systematically study the key impact mechanisms of extreme environments on electrochemical energy storage materials and devices,we propose targeted optimisation strategies to enhance the adaptability of energy storage devices to extreme environments.[Methods]This paper systematically investigates the key influence mechanisms of extreme environments on electrochemical energy storage materials and devices,and focuses on four optimisation strategies by analysing the mechanism of four types of extreme environments:low-temperature electrolyte modification,hightemperature-resistant electrode material development,biomimetic interfacial buffer structure construction,and salt corrosion-resistant material research and development.[Results]The modification strategy significantly improves the adaptability of energy storage devices to extreme environments:1)low-temperature electrolyte modification,based on deep eutectic solvent and high concentration of lithium salt electrolyte,achieving ionic conductivity of 4.8 mS/cm at-50℃,with a cycling efficiency of 92%;2)development of high-temperature-resistant materials,the NASICON-type composite cathode has a capacity retention rate of 91.3%after cycling for 500 times at 80℃.(3)interface engineering optimization,bionic gradient buffer layer design makes the electrode under 15 MPa mechanical stress interface delamination rate reduced by 67%,the cycle life is extended by 3 times;(4)anti-salt corrosion materials,hydrophobic two-dimensional new material(MXene)/polymer composite coatings in the high-salinity environment will be the corrosion rate suppressed to 0.02 mm/a,the electrochemical efficiency of the attenuation rate decreased by 58%.[Conclusion]Future research should focus on key materials such as zero-strain alloy electrodes and biomimetic ion-channel electrolytes,and build a multi-scale failure analysis model and standard evaluation system.Through interdisciplinary integration,electrochemical energy storage technology will be promoted from the laboratory to the extreme environments such as deep sea and deep space for large-scale application,supporting the global energy transition.
作者
李勃森
胡锦桥
喻斌恺
黎晔
王卉
张胜利
陈明哲
LI Bosen;HU Jinqiao;YU Binkai;LI Ye;WANG Hui;ZHANG Shengli;CHEN Mingzhe(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu China)
出处
《电力科技与环保》
2025年第3期426-436,共11页
Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52202254)
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20220966)
江苏省自然科学基金重点项目(BK20243016)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(30922010708)。
关键词
电化学储能
极端条件
界面失效
材料设计
电化学效率
electrochemical energy storage
extreme conditions
interfacial failure
material design
electrochemical efficiency
