摘要
本研究基于降水数据、土壤类型数据、数字高程模型数据(DEM)、植被覆盖指数(NDVI),分析降雨侵蚀力(R)、土壤可蚀性(K)、地形因子(D)、植被覆盖因子(C)和水土保持措施因子(P),利用修正通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)对2000—2020年黄河流域山西段土壤侵蚀的时空分布格局进行研究,识别高侵蚀强度区域的区位特征;并使用地理探测器模型揭示影响土壤侵蚀强度分布格局的主要成因以及因素间耦合关系的定量归因。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年期间,黄河流域山西段的土壤侵蚀呈减弱态势,由2000年的31.29 t/(hm^(2)·a)降至2020年的25.67 t/(hm^(2)·a),呈现出东南弱西北强的空间分异特征;(2)栽培植被是影响土壤侵蚀的主要植被类型,土地利用/覆盖类型为草地或未利用地、海拔629~932 m、坡度5°~8°和植被覆盖度30%~45%是土壤侵蚀主要发生地;(3)驱使黄河流域山西段土壤侵蚀格局形成的多个因素中,植被覆盖度始终起主导作用;两两因素之间交互协同作用表现为双因子增强或者非线性增强,植被覆盖度和坡度交互作用最大。因此,黄河流域山西段在进行土壤侵蚀防治和生态保护与修复时,应优先考虑植被覆盖度为30%~45%且坡度在5°~8°的区域。
In this study,based on the data of precipitation and soil type,digital elevation model(DEM),and vegetation coverage index(NDVI)of the Shanxi section of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020,the characteristics of rainfall erosivity(R),soil erodibility(K),terrain factors(D),vegetation coverage factors(C)and soil and water conservation measure factors(P)were analyzed,the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of soil erosion were studied with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE),the location characteristics were identified for the high erosion intensity areas;and the main factors of the distribution pattern of soil erosion intensity and coupling relationships between the factors were quantitatively explored by using the geographical detector model.The results showed that:1)During 2000—2020,soil erosion in the study area showed a weakening trend,which declined from 31.29 t/(hm^(2)·a)in 2000 to 25.67 t/(hm^(2)·a)in 2020,and showed spatial differentiation characteristics of weak in the southeast and strong in the northwest;2)Cultural vegetation was the main vegetation type affecting soil erosion.The land use/cover type of grassland or unused land,the altitude of 629–932 m,the slope of 5°–8°,and the vegetation coverage of 30%–45%were the main sources of soil erosion;3)Among the multiple factors for the formation of soil erosion patterns,vegetation coverage always played a leading role;the interaction and synergy between two factors manifested as double-factor enhancement or nonlinear enhancement,with vegetation coverage and slope having the largest interaction.Therefore,when carrying out soil erosion prevention and ecological protection and restoration in the study area,priority should be given to areas with vegetation coverage of 30%–45%and slopes of 5°–8°.
作者
刘亦涵
王浩天
甄志磊
张倩
LIU Yihan;WANG Haotian;ZHEN Zhilei;ZHANG Qian(College of Urban and Rural Construction,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;Datong Plan&Design Institute,Datong,Shanxi 037000,China;Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《土壤》
北大核心
2025年第2期452-460,共9页
Soils
基金
山西省研究生实践创新项目(2023SJ125)资助。
