摘要
目的分析新疆维吾尔自治区(新疆)喀什地区黑热病流行病学特征,为当地黑热病防治提供参考数据。方法在中国疾病预防控制信息系统中收集整理2010-2023年喀什地区黑热病报告病例信息,采用描述流行病学方法对黑热病三间分布进行分析。结果2010-2023年新疆喀什地区共报告黑热病病例978例,均为本地病例。该病在本地区持续流行,发病率存在明显的波动,按时间发展可分为4个阶段:2010-2013年发病率呈现下降趋势;2014-2016年呈反弹连续高发趋势,2015年达到本地区发病率高峰;2017-2020年再次出现下降趋势,2020年无报告病例;2021年开始持续出现少量散发,呈现缓慢回升趋势。喀什地区黑热病发病具较强的季节性,主高峰期在10-12月,4月为发病小高峰期。黑热病在喀什地区流行范围较为广泛,尤其是在沙漠边缘地域持续流行,病例主要分布在伽师县、喀什市和巴楚县,3个县(市)报告病例数占喀什地区报告病例总数的89.98%。本地区黑热病以野生动物源型和人源型为主,二者病例年龄分布存在明显差异,野生动物源型病例主要来自<3岁儿童(762,96.99%),并以≤1岁婴幼儿(696,90.98%)为主,而人源型病例在各年龄段均有发病。结论近年来黑热病在新疆喀什地区呈全区持续出现报告、局部区域存在暴发性流行;本地区黑热病病人年龄分布以婴幼儿为主,不同类型黑热病病人年龄分布存在明显差异,应进一步研究其流行规律,针对本地区的流行特点加强黑热病防治工作,控制其暴发流行,保护人民群众,尤其是婴幼儿的生命健康。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in Kashgar Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,so as to provide reference data for the prevention and control of visceral leishmaniasis in this region.Methods The information on reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Kashgar from 2010 to 2023 was collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the temporal,special,and population distribution of visceral leishmaniasis.Results A total of 978 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Kashgar from 2010 to 2023,all of which were local cases.The disease remained endemic in this region,with significant fluctuations in incidence rates.Over time,its progression could be categorized into four stages:from 2010 to 2013,the incidence rate declined;from 2014 to 2016,there was a resurgence with continuously high incidence,peaking in 2015;from 2017 to 2020,the incidence declined again,with no reported cases in 2020;from 2021 to 2023,sporadic cases were persistently reported,indicating a slow increase in incidence.The incidence of this disease in this region showed strong seasonality,with the main peak period from October to December and a minor peak period in April.Visceral leishmaniasis was widespread in this region,especially in the desert edge areas.Cases were mainly reported in Jiashi County,Kashgar City and Bachu County.The number of reported cases in these areas accounted for 89.98%of the total number of reported cases in Kashgar Prefecture.Visceral leishmaniasis in this area was mainly of wild animal origin and human origin.There was a significant difference in the age distribution of cases between the two disease origins.Wildlife-originated cases predominantly occurred in children under three years old(762,96.99%),with infants aged 12 months or younger(696,90.98%)being the most affected,whereas the human-originated cases were observed across all age groups.Conclusions In recent years,visceral leishmaniasis was continuously reported throughout the Kashgar Prefecture,with localized outbreaks occurring in certain areas.The age distribution of visceral leishmaniasis patients in this region was concentrated in infants and young children.There were significant differences in the age distribution of patients with visceral leishmaniasis of different origins.Further research is needed to better understand its epidemiological patterns and targeted prevention and control measures should be strengthened to curb outbreaks and protect the life and health of the public,especially infants and young children.
作者
李姣
王希江
安允平
陈跃
LI Jiao;WANG Xi-jiang;AN Yun-ping;CHEN Yue(Clinical Laboratory,Kashgar Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kashgar,Xinjiang 844000,China;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830002,China)
出处
《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》
2025年第2期201-206,共6页
Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区卫生健康青年医学科技人才专项科研项目(WJWY-202243)。
关键词
黑热病
流行特征
喀什地区
Visceral leishmaniasis
Epidemic characteristic
Kashgar Prefecture
