摘要
人群的流动与迁徙是各民族互动的重要方式,也是互嵌式居住格局的重要成因。清代伴随着改土归流的实施,湖北鹤峰有大量的客民进入,地方政府通过编制保甲、新垦田土报请升科纳赋等措施,加快了迁入客民的定居过程,不少客民逐渐落籍当地。之后他们开始主动参与地方志书的编纂,以此来塑造文教渐兴、教化渐成的地方社会新形象。嘉庆以来,鹤峰土客基于保境安生之需,共同抵御匪乱,在此过程中凝聚力进一步增强,入籍客民作为本地人的自觉意识日渐彰显。本文通过对方志、档案、族谱、墓碑等文献资料的梳理,以鹤峰为考察中心,呈现了清代鄂西南地区的客民迁入、落籍、融入的历史,这既是移民“他乡变故乡”的在地化历程,也是民族地区土客之间交往交流交融、形塑中华民族共同体的地方实践与历史剪影。
The mobility and migration of the population serve as crucial mechanisms for interaction among ethnic groups and constitute a foundational driver for the formation of interlocking settlement patterns.During the Qing Dynasty,with the implementation of the policy of gaitu guiliu(replacing native chieftains with stateappointed officials),a substantial influx of migrants arrived in Hefeng,Hubei.Through measures such as the establishment of the Baojia system,the reclamation of new land and the submission of tax applications,the local government accelerated the process of migrant settlement,leading to the gradual naturalization of Kemin(non-native settlers).Subsequently,these Kemin began to take the initiative to participate in the compilation of the local gazetteers,thereby contributing to the creation of a new image of local society characterized by cultural and educational revitalization,and successful moral cultivation.Since the Jiaqing period,Hefeng's indigenous people and Kemin have united to resist banditry,reinforcing their solidarity and the Kemin's growing self-identification as local community members.Through the analysis of various documents,including local gazetteers,archives,genealogies and tombstones,this study focuses on Hefeng to present the history of migrant influx,settlement,and acculturation in southwestern Hubei during the Qing Dynasty.This history not only illustrates the localization journey of Kemin's"transformation from sojourners to settlers,"but also exemplifies the local practice and historical silhouette of exchanges,interactions,and integration between natives and Kemin in ethnic minority regions,and the shaping of the community for the Chinese nation.
作者
赵桅
ZHAO Wei(School of History and Culture,Minzu University of China,Bejing 100081,China)
出处
《中央民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第2期121-130,共10页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
中央民族大学青年教师科研能力提升计划项目(项目编号:2022QNPY16)
“道中华”课程建设项目(项目编号:GRSDZH202323)。
关键词
清代
鹤峰
客民
在地化
融入
Qing dynasty
Hefeng
Kemin
localization
integration
