摘要
浮游动物作为初级消费者之一,在维持水生态系统健康发挥着关键作用。内河航运作为一种常用的运输方式之一,其带来的水生态环境影响日益引起关注。通过对比京杭运河镇江段干流及其自然支流,探究了行船扰动对河流浮游动物群落的影响。结果表明,行船扰动不仅显著降低了河流浮游动物密度和生物量(P<0.05),而且改变了其群落的季节特征。与自然支流相比,航运干流浮游动物的密度和生物量分别下降79.7%和82.0%;多样性季节变化变弱,Shannon⁃Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数季节变异系数降低。此外,行船扰动还改变了浮游动物的季节演替规律,主要优势种由“长额象鼻溞⁃颈沟基合溞⁃无节幼体⁃角突臂尾轮虫”的春夏秋冬季节演替规律转变为了“无节幼体⁃无节幼体⁃无节幼体⁃角突臂尾轮虫”。研究结论不仅为京杭运河水生态系统保护与修复提供理论支持,也为内河航运的生态环境效应评估提供依据。
Zooplankton,as primary consumers,are essential for maintaining aquatic ecosystem health and function.Inland waterway transportation has garnered increasing attention due to its significant ecological impacts on aquatic ecosystems.This study examined shipping⁃induced water column disturbances on zooplankton communities along the Beijing⁃Hangzhou Grand Canal,comparing the shipping⁃affected mainstream with two undisturbed tributaries.Results demonstrated significant reductions in zooplankton density and biomass(P<0.05),along with altered seasonal community composition patterns.The density and biomass of zooplankton,respectively,were 79.7%and 82.0%lower in the disturbed mainstream than in the tributaries.Mainstream diversity exhibited suppressed seasonal variation,evidenced by reduced seasonal variation coefficients in the Shannon⁃Wiener,Pielou evenness,and Margalef richness indices relative to tributaries.Additionally,ship disturbances changed the seasonal succession patterns of zooplankton,with the main dominant species shifting from a seasonal cycle of“Bosmina longispina⁃Bosminopsis deitersi⁃Nauplius⁃Brachionus angularis”in spring,summer,autumn,and winter to“Nauplius⁃Nauplius⁃Nauplius⁃Brachionus angularis.”These findings offer theoretical foundations for Beijing⁃Hangzhou Grand Canal conservation and restoration,while establishing an assessment framework for inland waterway shipping impacts.
作者
张祖强
刘博毅
毛雪茹
张润雨
曾晨军
朱琳
施文卿
ZHANG Zuqiang;LIU Boyi;MAO Xueru;ZHANG Runyu;ZENG Chenjun;ZHU Lin;SHI Wenqing(School of Environment Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Guangzhou 510635,China)
出处
《生态学报》
北大核心
2025年第10期5012-5024,共13页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42277060)。
关键词
京杭运河
浮游动物
航运
多样性
优势种
Beijing⁃Hangzhou Grand Canal
zooplankton
shipping activities
diversity
dominant species
