摘要
探究不同尺度生境异质性对鸟类群落的影响,对于保护实践至关重要。于2023年对安徽天马国家级自然保护区的鸟类群落进行4次季度调查,并分析了多尺度生境异质性及相关环境因子对鸟类群落结构及α、β多样性的影响。野外调查共记录到鸟类14593只,隶属于10目37科126种,包括20种国家级重点保护物种和3种IUCN易危(VU)物种。鸟类个体数、物种数及多样性指数均与样线两侧100 m范围内生境异质性指数呈正相关;距主道路距离越远,鸟类个体数和物种数越少。不同食性集团鸟类的个体数对生境异质性的反应有所差异。β多样性由周转组分主导,成对β多样性及其周转、嵌套组分均与生境异质性呈正相关。以上结果表明,天马国家级自然保护区鸟类群落主要受不同尺度生境异质性的影响。建议增加鸟类栖息地的生境异质性,以更好地保护鸟类多样性。
Exploring the effects of habitat heterogeneity at different scales on bird communities is crucial for conservation practices.This study conducted four seasonal surveys of bird communities in the Tianma National Nature Reserve,Anhui Province,in 2023,and tested the effects of multi⁃scale habitat heterogeneity and related environmental factors on bird community structure andαandβdiversity.A total of 14,593 birds were recorded in the field,which belonged to 10 orders,37 families,and 126 species,including 20 nationally protected species and 3 species classified as Vulnerable(VU)by the IUCN.The number of individuals,number of species,and Shannon⁃Wiener diversity index of birds were positively correlated with the 100 m habitat heterogeneity index,whereas the number of individuals and species exhibited a negative correlation with distance from the main road.The number of bird species feeding on invertebrates increased with the 500 m habitat heterogeneity index,while the number of bird species feeding on vertebrates,fish and carrion exhibited a decrease with the same index.Conversely,the number of bird species feeding on vertebrates,fish and carrion demonstrated an increase with the 100 m building area index.The number of individuals of bird species feeding on plants and seeds,bird species feeding on fruits and nectar,and omnivorous birds exhibited an increase with the 100 m habitat heterogeneity index,while the number of individuals of bird species feeding on fruits and nectar and omnivorous birds demonstrated a rise with the 500 m water body area ratio.The number of bird species feeding on fruits and nectar and omnivorous birds exhibited an increase with the proportion of 500 m water body area and a decrease with distance from the main road.Different feeding guilds of birds showed varying responses to habitat heterogeneity.The overallβdiversity was predominantly characterised by the turnover component.Pairwiseβdiversity increased with differences in the 100 m habitat heterogeneity index,the 500 m habitat heterogeneity index,and the distance from the main habitation,as well as with differences in the percentage of 100 m building area.The turnover component increased with differences in the 100 m habitat heterogeneity index,elevation,and distance from the main habitation.Additionally,the nested component increased.The nested component increased with differences in the 100 m habitat heterogeneity index,the 500 m habitat heterogeneity index and distance from the main habitation.These results indicate that the bird community in the Tianma National Nature Reserve is mainly influenced by habitat heterogeneity at different scales.It is recommended to increase habitat heterogeneity to better protect the bird diversity.
作者
吴敬
周美生
余大春
王光耀
余士龙
张婧
张保卫
李春林
WU Jing;ZHOU Meisheng;YU Dachun;WANG Guangyao;YU Shilong;ZHANG Jing;ZHANG Baowei;LI Chunlin(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China;Anhui Tianma National Nature Reserve Administration,Luan 237300,China;School of Life Sciences,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China)
出处
《生态学报》
北大核心
2025年第10期5000-5011,共12页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
安徽省自然科学基金优秀青年项目(2108085Y09)。
关键词
鸟类群落
生境异质性
Β多样性
环境因子
人类活动
天马保护区
avian communities
habitat heterogeneity
βdiversity
environmental factors
human activities
Tianma Reserve
