摘要
铁路行业实现低碳转型势在必行。针对当前铁路运营效率评价中未充分考虑碳排放影响的问题,以我国18个铁路局为研究单元,在测算铁路运营碳排放的基础上,分别从静态和动态视角评估我国铁路运营碳排放效率。首先,基于文献调研确定了评价铁路运营碳排放效率的4个投入指标、1个产出指标和1个非期望产出指标。然后,运用超效率SBM(superefficiency slack based measure)模型计算铁路运营碳排放静态超效率值,并通过GML(global malmquist luenberger)指数观察碳排放效率的动态演变,以量化研究铁路运营资源配置的合理性及其演变趋势。最后,根据超效率值和全要素生产率,将各路局划分为“领跑者”“追赶者”“稳健型”和“潜力型”4种类型,同时根据静态和动态表现,对碳排放效率的影响因素进行深入分析和提出铁路运营协同碳减排建议。结果表明,我国铁路运营碳排放效率存在显著的区域差异,呈现中部与沿海地区高、西北与西南地区次之,东北地区低的空间分布格局,与此同时碳排放效率变化呈现出缓慢提升、短暂回落、快速提升和疫情冲击的“M”型4阶段上升态势,但整体碳排放效率水平不高,其中技术进步是提升碳排放效率的主要驱动力。此外,属于“领跑者”类别的路局管辖的区域多为华北、华东等范围,碳排放效率处于生产前沿,其中第二产业占比、电气化里程率、能源结构以及人均GDP是影响碳排放效率差异的主要因素,影响效果均为正向。该研究可以丰富铁路低碳领域研究成果,并为铁路运营碳减排提供理论支撑。
Achieving low-carbon transformation in the railway sector is imperative.Addressing the current issue where railway operational efficiency evaluations do not adequately consider carbon emissions,this study focused on 18 railway bureaus in China,calculating the carbon emissions from railway operations and evaluating their carbon emission efficiency from both static and dynamic perspectives.Initially,based on a literature review,four input indicators,one output indicator,and one undesirable output indicator were determined for assessing railway operational carbon emission efficiency.Subsequently,the Super-efficiency Slack Based Measure(Super-SBM)model was employed to calculate the static super-efficiency values of railway carbon emissions,while the Global Malmquist Luenberger(GML)index was used to observe the dynamic evolution of carbon emission efficiency.This approach quantified the rational allocation of railway operational resources and their evolving trends.Ultimately,based on super-efficiency values and total factor productivity,the railway bureaus were categorized into four types,which were“leaders”,“followers”,“steady performers”and“potential performers”.Additionally,an in-depth analysis of the factors influencing carbon emission efficiency was conducted,and synergistic carbon emission reduction proposals were made based on both static and dynamic performance.The results indicate significant regional differences in the carbon emission efficiency of China’s railway operations,with a spatial distribution pattern of high efficiency in the central and coastal regions,followed by the northwest and southwest,and lower efficiency in the northeast.The carbon emission efficiency changes exhibit an“M”-shaped four-stage upward trend,characterized by gradual improvement,brief decline,rapid enhancement,and the impact of the pandemic.Importantly,the overall carbon emission efficiency level remains low,with technological advancements identified as the primary driver for improvement.Additionally,the railway bureaus categorized as“leaders”are mainly located in North and East China,where carbon emission efficiency is at the forefront.Furthermore,the proportion of secondary industry,electrification mileage rate,energy structure,and GDP per capita are the key factors influencing differences in carbon emission efficiency,with all showing positive effects.This study can provide the body of research on low-carbon development in the railway sector and offers theoretical support for reducing carbon emissions in railway operations.
作者
李艳鸽
伍生
王天宇
韩征
LI Yange;WU Sheng;WANG Tianyu;HAN Zheng(School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)
出处
《铁道科学与工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期2303-2316,共14页
Journal of Railway Science and Engineering
基金
湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2022JJ30700)。
