摘要
目的探讨儿童急性呼吸道感染病原体检出情况及其影响因素。方法选取2022年9月至2024年6月在广东省妇幼保健院儿科病房及门诊的3068例急性呼吸道感染患儿作为研究对象,采集鼻咽拭子,应用多重靶向扩增-液相芯片法进行18种病原体核酸检测,分析阳性率与性别、年龄、感染部位以及月份之间的关系。结果共有2648例(86.3%)检出病原体,病毒以鼻病毒阳性率最高(21.0%),细菌以流感嗜血杆菌阳性率最高(19.2%),肺炎支原体阳性率为13.0%;18种病原体核酸检测阳性率之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。人偏肺病毒和巨细胞病毒男童显著高于女童(P<0.05)。随年龄增长,总阴性率和流感病毒A型、B型,人疱疹病毒4型,百日咳杆菌,肺炎支原体的阳性率显著上升,混合感染率和呼吸道合胞病毒、巨细胞病毒、博卡病毒、肺炎链球菌的阳性率显著下降(P<0.05)。随着感染从上呼吸道至下呼吸道发展,流感病毒B型、腺病毒和新型冠状病毒的阳性率显著降低,呼吸道合胞病毒和肺炎支原体的阳性率显著升高(P<0.05)。对比每种病原体在不同月份的阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同呼吸道病原体核酸检测阳性率与性别、年龄、感染部位及月份有关。
Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogens in children with acute respiratory tract infections(ARTIs)and analyze associated influencing factors.Methods A total of 3,068 pediatric patients with ARTIs hospitalized or treated as outpatients in the Department of Pediatrics of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from September 2022 to June 2024 were enrolled.Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected,and nucleic acid testing for 18 pathogens was performed using multiplex-target amplification and liquid-phase chip technology.The relationships between pathogen positivity rates and sex,age,infection site,and month were analyzed.Results Pathogens were detected in 2648 cases(86.3%).Human rhinovirus(HRV)was the most frequently detected virus(21.0%),Haemophilus influenzae(Hi)was the most frequently detected bacterium(19.2%),and Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)had a positivity rate of 13.0%.The positivity rates differed significantly among the 18 pathogens(P<0.05).hMPV and CMV were significantly more common in boys than in girls(P<0.05).With increasing age,the overall negative rate and the positivity rates for INF-A,INF-B,EBV,Bordetella pertussis(BP),and MP increased significantly,while the positivity rates for mixed infections,RSV,CMV,hBoV,and Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)decreased significantly(P<0.05).As infections progressed from the upper to lower respiratory tract,INF-B,adenovirus(ADV),and novel coronavirus(nCoV)detection rates decreased significantly,while RSV and MP increased(P<0.05).Monthly variations in the positivity rates of all pathogens were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The positivity rates of respiratory pathogens in children with ARTIs are associated with sex,age,anatomical infection site,and seasonal distribution.
作者
潘婉婷
路攀
陈广道
唐远平
李增清
PAN Wan-ting;LU Pan;CHEN Guang-dao;TANG Yuan-ping;LI Zeng-qing(Department ofPediatrics,Guangdong Women and Children Hospital,Guangzhou 511400,Guangdong,China)
出处
《广东医学》
2025年第5期688-693,共6页
Guangdong Medical Journal
基金
广东省科技厅援疆农村科技(特派员)项目(KTP2020330)
广东省中医药局科研项目(20212020):广东省妇幼保健院临床研究项目(20240037)。
关键词
急性呼吸道感染
病原体
核酸
影响因素
儿童
acute respiratory infection
pathogens
nucleic acid
influencing factors
children
