摘要
本试验以3个小麦品种‘东农123’‘东农125’‘品资’作为填闲作物,以未填闲为空白对照(CK),通过田间试验结合平板试验,研究小麦填闲腐解成分对西瓜枯萎病的影响。结果表明:‘东农125’填闲处理可显著抑制西瓜枯萎病发生,且在3个小麦填闲处理中效果最佳。‘东农125’小麦填闲土壤浸提液浓度大于0.1 g/mL时显著抑制了尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum菌丝生长;显著降低了病原菌生物量以及与致病力相关的纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶活性。GC-MS分析显示,‘东农125’小麦填闲和空白对照土壤浸提液组分差异显著,共检测出29种物质,其中对照处理组19种物质,填闲处理组24种物质,两处理共有成分14种。填闲处理组有14种化合物相对丰度显著高于对照,15种化合物相对丰度显著低于对照或未检出;小麦填闲土壤浸提液成分中对西瓜枯萎病菌具有抑制作用的棕榈酸相对丰度显著高于对照,而对西瓜枯萎病菌生长具有促进作用的邻苯二甲酸衍生物相对丰度显著低于对照。综上,小麦填闲改变了西瓜连作土壤浸提液的组分,抑制了西瓜枯萎病菌生长和相关酶活性,导致西瓜枯萎病发病率和病情指数显著降低,实现了对西瓜枯萎病的有效防治。
In this study,field experiments combined with plate experiments were conducted to clarify the effects of catch crop(three wheat varieties,‘Dongnong123’‘Dongnong125’and‘Pinzi’)decomposition components on the occurrence of watermelon Fusarium wilt disease,with non-catch crops as the control(CK).The catch crop‘Dongnong125’exhibits significant inhibition to watermelon Fusarium wilt disease among three catch crop treatments.More than 0.1 g/mL concentration of‘Dongnong 125’decomposition liquid significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum,reduced the biomass of pathogen,cellulase activity,pectinase activity,and protease activity related to pathogenicity.GC-MS analysis revealed 29 compounds from soils extracts of‘Dongnong 125’and control treatments,with 19 compounds from control group,24 compounds from catch crop group,and 14 compounds shared by both group.The relative abundance of 14 compounds in catch crop treatment was significantly higher than that of the control,while the relative abundance of 15 compounds was significantly lower than that of the control or not detected.The relative abundance of palmitic acid in catch crop decomposition liquid,which have good inhibition effect to Fusarium wilt,was significantly higher than that of the control,while the relative abundance of phthalic acid derivatives,which have a promoting effect on watermelon Fusarium wilt,was significantly lower than that of the control.To sum up,using wheat as the catch crop changed the composition of the soil extracts from watermelon continuous cropping,inhibited pathogen growth and enzyme activities,related to pathogenicity,leading to a significant reduction in disease incidence and disease index,and effectively prevented watermelon Fusarium wilt.
作者
汤佳翰
陶靓
张武杰
高洪娜
杨亚丽
徐晓迪
李航行
刘宇
TANG Jiahan;TAO Liang;ZHANG Wujie;GAO Hongna;YANG Yali;XU Xiaodi;LI Hangxing;LIU Yu(Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mudanjiang 157000,China;College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Plant Protection Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China)
出处
《植物保护》
北大核心
2025年第3期158-165,194,共9页
Plant Protection
基金
黑龙江省西甜瓜现代农业产业技术协同创新推广体系。
关键词
连作西瓜
小麦填闲
西瓜枯萎病
土壤浸提液
continuous cropping watermelon
wheat catch crop
watermelon wilt
soil extracts
