摘要
为调查津巴布韦部分奶牛场奶牛乳腺炎的致病原因、流行状况和细菌耐药情况,特从该国东北部地区5个奶牛场挑选出256头奶牛,采集牛奶样品进行体细胞计数(SCC)、细菌分离鉴定和药敏试验。结果发现,采样牛群中有36.3%的牛只患有乳腺炎,主要为亚临床型(28.1%)。在津巴布韦奶牛乳腺炎病例中首次分离到念珠菌属和牛棒状杆菌。念珠菌属的检出表明,长期使用抗生素可导致细菌菌群失调诱发真菌感染,而牛棒状杆菌的检出可能是挤奶操作中卫生条件不佳所致。分离的主要菌株对四环素和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲噁唑等常用抗菌药物的耐药性广泛存在,增加了治疗难度。因此,为确保奶牛业的健康发展,津巴布韦奶牛场应重视并改善其卫生条件,定期进行常规细菌筛查并合理使用抗菌药物,有效预防奶牛乳腺炎的发生并采取相应措施遏制细菌耐药性。
To investigate the causative agents,prevalence,and bacterial resistance of mastitis in dairy farms in Zimbabwe,256 cows were selected from five dairy farms in the northeastern region of the country.Milk sample collection,somatic cell count(SCC),bacterial isolation and identification,and drug sensitivity tests were conducted.It was found that 36.3%of the sampled cattle had mastitis,mainly subclinical type(28.1%).Candida spp.and Corynebacterium bovis were isolated for the first time in mastitis cases in Zimbabwe.The detection of Candida spp.suggests that long-term antibiotic use has led to bacterial dysbiosis,inducing fungal infections.The presence of Corynebacterium bovis may be attributed to poor hygiene practices during milking.Widespread resistance to commonly used antimicrobials such as tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was observed among the main isolated strains complicating treatment.Therefore,to ensure the healthy development of the dairy industry,dairy farms in Zimbabwe need to pay attention to and improve hygiene conditions,conduct routine bacterial screening,and use antimicrobials rationally,effectively prevent the occurrence of cow mastitis,and take corresponding measures to curb bacterial drug resistance.
作者
刘建文
周敏
李俊
Peter Katsande
李明轩
蒙晓雷
赵珂
闫守根
LIU Jianwen;ZHOU Min;LI Jun;Peter Katsande;LI Mingxuan;MENG Xiaolei;ZHAO Ke;YANShougen(Tianjin Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center,Tianjin 300042,China;International Exchange Service Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Department of Veterinary Services of Zimbabwe,Harare,Zimbabwe;Animal Husbandry Development Center of Nanyang City Henan Province,Nanyang 473000,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Qiaocheng District Bozhou City Anhui Province,Bozhou 236800,China)
出处
《中国兽医卫生》
2025年第3期35-41,共7页
China Veterinary Hygiene
基金
援津巴布韦高级农业专家组第四期技术援助项目(2003商和促技字第28号)。
