摘要
闽江下游南北港分流比的动态演变与航道整治策略研究对区域通航安全、防洪体系稳定及城市可持续发展十分重要。通过收集闽江南北港分流比数据和航道整治资料,探究了1975年后南北港分流比的影响因素和变化过程,在分析淮安分流口和南北港航道整治历程的基础上,针对分流比现状提出南北港航道整治新构想。研究结果表明:上游水电站建设与大规模采砂活动是导致分流比变化的主要因素,早期北港因采砂与人工丁坝工程导致河床显著刷深,分流比大幅度上升;1975年至今北港分流比先升后降,南港分流比变化呈相反状态;1998年特大洪水过后,南港入口河床被冲刷贯通,叠加潮汐顶托作用增强与采砂影响,分流比发生逆转,南港逐渐成为主要泄水通道。这一变化引发北港淤积加剧、南港流速激增等问题,对航道通航能力、跨江桥梁安全及防洪堤坝稳定性构成多重威胁。此外,结合分流比“南大北小”趋势,提出“疏堵结合”的智慧化整治新模式,在打通北港口门的基础上设计可调节南北港分流比的智能系统。
Dynamic evolution of the diversion ratio of the Southern and Northern Branches in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River and studies on channel training strategies are crucial for navigation safety of the region,stability of flood control system and sustainable development of urban areas.By collecting data of diversion ratio of the Southern and Northern Branches and channel training,studies were made on influencing factors and change process of the diversion ratio after 1975.Based on analysis of the history of channel training of the Huai'an and Southern and Northern Branches,new ideas for channel training of the Southern and Northern Branches were proposed considering the current situation of diversion ratio.The study results show that the upstream hydropower stations and large-scale sand mining are the main factors leading to changes in the diversion ratio.Sand mining and artificial spur dike construction in the Northern Branche caused significant scouring of the riverbed and a big increase of the diversion ratio.From 1975 to the present,the diversion ratio of the Northern Branche has increased first and then decreased,while the diversion ratio of the Southern Branche has shown an opposite trend.After the catastrophic flood in 1998,the riverbed at the entrance of the Southern Branche was washed through,and the combined effects of tidal uplift and sand mining increased,reversing the diversion ratio and gradually making the Southern Branche the main discharge channel.This change has resulted in siltation increase in the Northern Branches and a sharp increase in flow velocity in the Southern Branche,posing multiple threats to navigation capacity of the waterway,safety of bridges crossing the river,and stability of flood control dams.Regarding the above trend,a new model of intelligent renovation that“combines dredging and blocking”was developed.An intelligent system that can adjust the diversion ratio of the Southern and Northern Branches was designed through opening the gate of the Northern Branche.
作者
陈橙
郑超滢
王智辉
陈浩彦
皇甫凯龙
CHEN Cheng;ZHENG Chaoying;WANG Zhihui;CHEN Haoyan;HUANGFU Kailong
出处
《中国水利》
2025年第10期57-64,共8页
China Water Resources
基金
福建省交通运输科技项目(JC202316)。
关键词
闽江下游
南北港
分流比
航道整治
丁坝
lower reaches of the Minjiang River
Southern and Northern Branches
diversion ratio
waterway training
spur dike
