摘要
试验旨在研究我国肉种鸡常用饲料原料中锌、锰、铜和铁含量分布情况,为肉种鸡饲料中合理添加微量元素提供科学依据。试验从中国主要肉种鸡养殖企业采集13种353份不同饲料原料样品,包括谷物(玉米、小麦、糙米)、谷物副产品(麦麸、玉米DDGS、玉米胚芽粕、玉米蛋白粉)、植物蛋白饲料(豆粕、菜籽粕、棉籽粕)和矿物质饲料(石粉、磷酸氢钙、磷酸二氢钙),经微波消化后,利用原子吸收光谱仪测定其微量元素锌、锰、铜和铁含量。结果显示:①锌含量:磷酸氢钙和磷酸二氢钙(平均值分别为177.0和160.2 mg/kg)显著高于石粉(P<0.05);谷物中小麦(平均值为74.17 mg/kg)与糙米、谷物副产物麸皮、玉米DDGS和玉米胚芽粕及植物性蛋白质饲料菜籽粕和棉籽粕无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著高于玉米(14.42 mg/kg)和玉米蛋白粉(P<0.05)。②锰含量:磷酸氢钙中(平均值为518.01 mg/kg)高于石粉、谷物中小麦和糙米、谷物副产物麸皮、玉米DDGS和菜籽粕(平均值为70.98),菜籽粕显著高于豆粕(平均值为38.83 mg/kg)、玉米胚芽粕和玉米(平均值12.23 mg/kg),玉米蛋白粉中锰含量最低(P<0.05)。③铜含量:麸皮、豆粕、棉籽粕、石粉和磷酸氢钙>糙米、玉米DDGS、玉米蛋白粉、菜籽粕、磷酸二氢钙(P<0.05),小麦居于麸皮和糙米之间;玉米胚芽粕和菜籽粕铜含量最低。④铁含量:矿物质饲料原料显著高于其他原料;玉米显著低于除小麦之外的所有原料(P<0.05)。⑤基于测定的饲料原料中微量元素含量,选用发表的肉种鸡典型基础日粮配方,计算出基础日粮中Cu、Fe、Zn和Mn含量,其中Cu和Fe含量可以满足产蛋期肉种鸡的营养需要(《NY/T 33—2004鸡饲养标准》);但Zn和Mn含量只能提供肉种鸡营养需要量的二分之一左右。结果表明:应根据饲料原料中微量元素含量科学补充肉种鸡饲粮微量元素,以降低饲料成本和环境污染。
The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of zinc(Zn),manganese(Mn),copper(Cu)and iron(Fe)in the feedstuffs of broiler breeder in China to provide scientific basis for the trace elements addition in the diets of broiler breeders.A total of 353 sample with different characteristics were collected from the large broiler breeder enterprises in China,including grains(corn,wheat,brown rice),grain by-products(wheat bran,corn DDGS,corn germ meal,corn protein meal),vegetable protein feedstuffs(soybean meal,rapeseed meal,cottonseed meal)and mineral feedstuffs(limestone,dicalcium phosphate,monocalcium phosphate).After microwave-assisted acid digestion of these samples,Zn,Mn,Cu and Fe content were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer.The results showed as follows:①Zn content in dicalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate(177.0 and 160.2 mg/kg,respectively)was significantly higher than that of limestone(P<0.05);Zn concentration in wheat(74.17 mg/kg)was not significantly different from brown rice,bran,corn DDGS,corn germ meal,rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal,but it was significantly higher than that of corn(14.42 mg/kg)and corn gluten meal(P<0.05).②Mn content in dicalcium phosphate(518.0 mg/kg)was higher than that of limestone,wheat,or brown rice,wheat bran,corn DDGS and rapeseed meal(70.98),and the Mn concentration in rapeseed meal was significantly higher than that of soybean meal(38.83 mg/kg),corn germ meal and corn(12.23 mg/kg).Mn content in corn gluten meal was the lowest(P<0.05).③Cu concentration in wheat bran,soybean meal,cottonseed meal,limestone,and dicalcium phosphate>brown rice,corn DDGS,corn gluten meal,rapeseed meal,monocalcium phosphate(P<0.05).Cu concentration in wheat was intermediate of those of bran and brown rice.The corn germ meal and rapeseed meal had the lowest Cu content among all kinds of feedstuffs.④Fe concentration in all mineral feedstuffs was significantly higher than the others.Fe concentration in corn was significantly lower than the others except wheat(P<0.05).⑤Based on the measured content of trace elements in feedstuffs,the content of Cu,Fe,Zn and Mn in the basal diet of broiler breeder published in Poultry Science were calculated.Cu and Fe content could meet the nutritional requirements of broiler breeders(NY/T 33-2004 Chicken Feeding Standard);however,Zn and Mn content only provide about half of the nutritional requirements of broiler breeders.It was suggested that the trace elements in the diet of broiler breeders should be supplemented scientifically according to the content of trace elements in feedstuffs,so as to reduce feed cost and environmental pollution.
作者
武尚杰
宋彬
张克英
丁雪梅
曾秋凤
王建萍
刘艳
玄玥
李姗姗
白世平
WU Shangjie;SONG Bin;ZHANG Keying;DING Xuemei;ZENG Qiufeng;WANG Jianping;LIU Yan;XUAN Yue;LI Shanshan;BAI Shiping(Institute of Animal Nutrition,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130)
出处
《中国家禽》
北大核心
2025年第6期115-122,共8页
China Poultry
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项(2022B02057-2)
国家自然科学基金项目(32172771)
新疆维吾尔自治区昌吉州庭州英才项目。
关键词
锌
锰
铜
铁
饲料原料
肉种鸡
zinc
manganese
copper
iron
feedstuffs
broiler breeders
