摘要
为探讨贵州黔东南地区对育成期黔东南小香鸡传统纯粮饲喂方法的科学性和可行性,将300只体重相近、健康的60日龄黔东南小香鸡母鸡随机分2组,每组6个重复,每个重复25只,对照组饲喂全价饲料,试验组饲喂等量陈年稻谷和玉米(1∶1),试验期61 d,分析纯粮饲喂对黔东南小香鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、血液生理生化指标、肉品质和肠道健康的影响。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组黔东南小香鸡末体重和平均日增重显著降低(P<0.05),料重比显著升高(P<0.05);试验组血清尿素含量极显著升高(P<0.01);试验组肌肉肉色L*值显著降低(P<0.05),粗灰分和粗蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05);试验组肌肉总氨基酸含量、组成及各类型氨基酸占比均无显著变化(P>0.05);试验组肠道微生物Chao 1指数、ACE指数和Shannon指数均显著降低(P<0.01);试验组门水平上拟杆菌门和放线菌门相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),属水平上Thermophilibacter、芽殖菌属、普氏菌属和另支菌属相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲喂陈年稻谷和玉米使黔东南小香鸡生长性能显著下降;肌肉肉色变暗、肉质变柴,可显著提高肌肉蛋白质和矿物质水平,但从养殖经济角度出发,陈年稻谷和玉米纯粮饲喂育成期黔东南小香鸡的方法不可取。
In order to explore the scientificity and desirability of traditional pure grain feeding method for growing Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang chickens in Qiandongnan area of Guizhou province,a total of 300 healthy 60-day-age female Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang chickens with similar body weight were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates per group and 25 chickens per replicate.The control group was fed full price diet,and the experimental group was fed the same amount of aged rice and corn(1∶1).The experiment lasted for 61 days.The effects of pure grain feeding on growth performance,slaughter performance,blood physiological and biochemical indexes,muscle quality and intestinal health of Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang chickens were analyzed.The results showed as follows:Compared with control group,the final body weight and average daily gain in the experimental group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the feed to egg ratio was significantly increased(P<0.05).The serum urine nitrogen content in the experimental group was significantly increased(P<0.01).Muscle flesh color L*value of Xiaoxiang chickens in the experimental group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and crude ash and crude protein content were significantly increased(P<0.05).The total amino acid content,composition and proportion of each type of amino acid in the muscle tissue of the experimental group did not show significant changes(P>0.05).Chao 1 index,ACE index and Shannon index of intestinal microorganisms in the experimental group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).The relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota were significantly increased at phylum level(P<0.05).At the genus level,the relative abundances of Thermophilibacter,Gemmiger,Prevotella and Alistipes were significantly increased(P<0.05).The results indicated that feeding aged rice and corn significantly decreased the growth performance of Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang chickens.The protein and mineral levels of muscle could be significantly improved by the darkening of muscle flesh and the thickening of flesh.However,from the perspective of culture economy,it was not advisable to feed aged rice and corn pure grain to Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang chicken in growing stage.
作者
陶小艳
张涛
冉江
唐远江
卢昱希
文正常
张晓可
王庆红
刘文涛
王璇
TAO Xiaoyan;ZHANG Tao;RAN Jiang;TANG Yuanjiang;LU Yuxi;WEN Zhengchang;ZHANG Xiaoke;WANG Qinghong;LIU Wentao;WANG Xuan(Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550005;Guizhou Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Feed Testing,Guiyang,Guizhou 550002;Congjiang County Liangliao Original Ecological Breeding Professional Cooperative,Qiandongnan,Guizhou 557400)
出处
《中国家禽》
北大核心
2025年第6期37-47,共11页
China Poultry
基金
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2021〕001、黔科合支撑〔2023〕一般039)
贵州省生态家禽产业技术体系(黔禽科发〔2017〕01号)。
关键词
黔东南小香鸡
陈年稻谷
玉米
生长性能
肌肉品质
微生物群落结构
Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang chicken
aged rice
corn
growth performance
muscle quality
microbial community structure
