摘要
为识别引调水工程对汉江中下游水文情势的累积影响,通过设置3种不同预测情景,采用一维水动力学模型,分析了引调水工程实施和汉江中下游7个梯级枢纽联合运行下的流量、流速演变特征和趋势。结果表明:南水北调中线一期、引汉济渭、鄂北地区水资源配置、引江济汉等工程调水后,汉江中下游径流过程减水和坦化明显,流速减小,典型平水年黄家港、皇庄、仙桃断面年均流量分别减少38%、28%、18%,年均流速分别降低9%、9%、3%,典型枯水年年均流量分别减少27%、22%、1%,年均流速分别降低13%、8%、1%。叠加引江补汉工程影响后,引调水工程的不利累积影响微弱,典型平水年黄家港、黄庄、仙桃断面年均流量和流速减幅基本不变,典型枯水年黄家港、皇庄断面年均流量降幅变为16%、12%,年均流速降幅变为4%、3%,仙桃断面年均流量和流速则由减少状态变为增加4%和2%;典型枯水年黄家港、皇庄、仙桃断面枯水期流量最大增幅分别由139%、97%、160%增加至201%、146%、173%,改善了枯水期水动力条件,使黄家港断面最小下泄流量满足程度由情景一的75%逐步提升至情景二的94%和情景三的98%;汉江中下游仍面临水量减少带来的部分时段最小下泄流量和敏感期生态流量难以保障、水华现象仍可能发生等生态环境风险,建议统筹考虑引调水工程对水文情势的累积影响,研究提出汉江中下游生态流量调度方案。
To identify the cumulative influence of water diversion projects on the hydrological regime in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River,by setting up three different prediction scenarios and using a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model,the evolution characteristics and trends of flow and velocity under the joint operation of water diversion projects and seven cascade hubs in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River were analyzed.The results show that after the water diversion projects such as the first phase of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,the Hanjiang River-to-Weihe River Diversion Project,the Water Resources Allocation in Northern Hubei Province,and the Water Diversion Project from Yangtze River to Hanjiang River,the runoff process in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River has been significantly reduced and leveled.In typical normal years,the annual average flow at Huangjiagang,Huangzhuang and Xiantao sections decrease by 38%,28% and 18%respectively,and the annual average velocity decrease by 9%,9% and 3% respectively.In typical dry years,the annual average flow at Huangjiagang,Huangzhuang and Xiantao sections decrease by 27%,22% and 1% respectively,and the annual average velocity decrease by 13%,8% and 1%respectively.After superimposing the influence of the Water Diversion Project from the Three Gorges Reservoir to the Hanjiang River,the cumulative adverse effects of the water diversion project are weak.In typical normal years,the reduction rate of average annual flow and velocity at Huangjiagang,Huangzhuang and Xiantao sections remain basically unchanged.In typical dry years,the average annual flow at Huangjiagang and Huangzhuang sections decrease by 16%and 12%respectively,and the average annual velocity decrease by 4% and 3% respectively.The average annual flow and velocity at Xiantao section change from a decreasing state to an increasing state of 4% and 2%,respectively.The maximum increases in flow during the dry seasons in typical dry years at the Huangjiagang,Huangzhuang,and Xiantao sections increase from 139%,91%,160% to 201%,146%,and 173%,respectively,improving the hydrodynamic conditions,and making probability of flow larger than the minimum discharge flow at Huangjiagang section increasing from 75% in Scenario One to 94% in Scenario Two and 98% in Scenario Three.The middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River still face ecological and environmental risks such as the difficulty in ensuring the minimum discharge flow in some periods and the ecological flow during the sensitive period due to the reduction in water volume,and the possible occurrence of algal blooms.It is suggested to study and propose an ecological flow dispatching plan for the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River by comprehensively considering the cumulative influence of water diversion projects on hydrological conditions.
作者
肖洋
刘扬扬
王中敏
王孟
XIAO Yang;LIU Yangyang;WANG Zhongmin;WANG Meng(Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute,Wuhan 430051,China)
出处
《水资源保护》
北大核心
2025年第3期161-170,共10页
Water Resources Protection
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52109005)。
关键词
引调水工程
引江补汉工程
水文情势
生态流量
水量调度
汉江中下游
water diversion project
the Water Diversion Project from the Three Gorges Reservoir to the Hanjiang River
hydrological regime
ecological flow
water dispatch
middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River
