摘要
本文以《中原音韵》车遮韵构成为研究起点,检视其所辖各中古音类在官话方言中的表现,探讨官话内部差异。结论主要有:1)麻韵三等与二等韵基分化音变在官话基本完成,江淮、汾河片中原官话等地还有存古迹象,而其他汉语方言除晋语和粤语外基本未发生该音变或发生其他音变,由此可以认定遮麻分韵是官话与其他方言分离的一项独特创新,可以用来鉴别官话。2)对北系官话而言,咸山摄三四等入声韵很早就脱落韵尾与车遮韵合流,而部分南系官话该合流至今仍未发生。3)北京话及其周边方言德陌麦韵字叠置文读音,与车遮韵合流,并进一步与歌戈韵重组,该音变分布地域小,推测音变时间为十九世纪中叶。
Starting from the composition of the Chezhe车遮final group in Zhongyuan Yinyun《中原音韵》,this paper examines the phonological evolution of the relating final groups from the MC Chinese to contemporary Mandarins and their differences in different Mandarins.The main conclusions are as follows:1)The departure of the 3^(rd)and 2^(nd)divisions of the Ma麻has basically completed in Mandarin,and evidences of ancient preservation still accumulate in Mandarins of Jianghuai and Fenhe clusters,which is a feature by which to identify Mandarin.Such evolvement has not been found in other Chinese dialects except Jin and Yue groups.2)As to the Northern Mandarins,the final endings of the Rusheng入声finals of the MC 3^(rd)and4^(th)divisions of Xian咸and Shan山final groups lost very early and merged with the Chezhe车遮final group,which does not happen in some Southern Mandarins.3)In dialects of Beijing and its surrounding areas,literal readings of the Demomai德陌麦final group overlaid,merged with the Chezhe车遮final group,and further regrouped with the Gege歌戈final group.Such evolution happened within a limited geographical area and is supposed to have occurred in the middle 19^(th)century.
出处
《方言》
北大核心
2025年第2期147-160,共14页
Dialect
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“官话方言音韵特征及其扩散研究”(19BYY052)的阶段性成果之一。
关键词
官话方言
音变
车遮韵
德陌麦韵
歌戈韵
contemporary Mandarins
phonological evolvement
the Chezhe车遮final group
the Demomai德陌麦final group
the Gege歌戈final group
