摘要
为了解潮白河流域大型底栖无脊椎动物的多样性及空间分布格局,于2022年夏季(7月)和秋季(9月)对流域主要河流的大型底栖动物进行了调查,分析了大型底栖动物群落结构特征、多样性特征和优势种生态位等。调查共鉴定出大型底栖动物153个分类单元,昆虫纲为主要优势类群,四节蜉属(Baetis sp.)和纹石蛾属(Hydropsyche sp.)为两季的共同优势种;潮白河流域大型底栖动物丰富度呈现北部>南部,支流>干流,上中游>下游的分布规律;双因素方差分析显示,流域大型底栖动物群落α多样性季节性差异不显著,但香农指数和丰富度指数存在显著的地理性差异;β多样性分析显示,流域不同季节大型底栖动物群落异质性均很高,β多样性格局以周转组分为主;生态位分析表明,两季的纹石蛾属和四节蜉属生态位宽度最大,占据了流域较宽的资源利用谱;夏季的拟踵突多足摇蚊(Polypedilum paraviceps)和下凸长跗摇蚊(Tanytarsus chinyensis)、秋季的纹石蛾属和四节蜉属之间的生态位重叠度最高,种间竞争较为激烈。研究显示,潮白河流域山区支流孕育了相对丰富的大型底栖动物多样性,而城市河段大型底栖动物群落结构较为单一,形成了典型的山区-城市底栖动物空间格局。本研究可为潮白河流域相关研究提供数据基础,对制定城市化河流生态治理和生物多样性保护政策具有重要作用。
To understand the diversity and spatial distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Chaobai River Basin,surveys of macrobenthos in the main rivers were performed in summer(July) and autumn(September) of 2022.The community structure characteristics,diversity features,and niche of dominant species were analyzed.A total of 153 taxonomic units of macrobenthos were identified,with insects as the main dominant group.Baetis sp.and Hydropsyche sp.were the common dominant species in both seasons.The abundance of macrobenthos showed patterns from high to low as north > south,tributary > mainstem,upper-stream and middle-stream > lower-stream.The α-diversity of the benthic community showed no seasonal difference.However,the Shannon index and the richness index had significant geographical variations.The heterogeneity of macrobenthic communities was high among different seasons,and the pattern of β-diversity was dominated by turnover components.Baetis sp.and Hydropsyche sp.had the largest niche breadth in both seasons,occupying a wider resource utilization spectrum.The niche overlap between Polypedilum paraviceps and Tanytarsus chinyensis in summer,between Baetis sp.and Hydropsyche sp.in autumn was the highest,indicating intense interspecific competition.Our results suggested the mountain tributaries of Chaobai River Basin nurtured relatively high macrobenthos diversity,while the community structure of macrobenthos in the urban reaches was relatively single,forming a typical mountainous-urban macrobenthos spatial pattern.This study can provide data basis for related research in the Chaobai River Basin,and facilitate formulating ecological management and biodiversity conservation policies for urban rivers.
作者
韩静
罗遵兰
孙光
肖能文
盛祥锐
宋泽邦
康玲玲
HAN Jing;LUO Zunlan;SUN Guang;XIAO Nengwen;SHENG Xiangrui;SONG Zebang;KANG Lingling(Institute of Ecology,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science,Beijing 100012,China;College of Ecology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
北大核心
2025年第5期1532-1542,共11页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
密云区生物多样性调查评估项目
生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)资助。
关键词
潮白河流域
大型底栖无脊椎动物
分布格局
生物多样性特征
生态位
Chaobai River Basin
benthic macroinvertebrate
distribution pattern
biodiversity characteristics
ecological niche
