摘要
离婚冷静期因其与每个公民利益攸关引发了征求意见制度史上最为广泛的非制度性网络参与和制度性网络参与。离婚冷静期的反对意见占据网络民意主流,但在立法决策中,不设立离婚冷静期的意见未被立法机关采纳,暴露出当前“冲击—回应”型网络公众参与立法的潜在问题。在社交媒体上,标题党、片段式报道容易引发公众主观臆断,情绪化言论激起群体感染,沉默螺旋效应使理性意见缄默。面对网络舆论的强烈情绪,立法机关若不回应,会削弱立法的民主性;若仓促立法,又可能影响立法的科学性。因此,应进一步完善网络公众参与立法机制,在人工智能技术支持下构建智慧型公众参与立法平台,实行征求意见与参考性网络投票并行的双轨制;试用大数据挖掘技术挖掘网络民意,扩大立法参考的民意范围,依托被动挖掘实现立法民主动议。通过前述举措,落实制度性网络公众参与立法机制应承担的畅通非制度性网络民意向立法转化的重要责任,并为立法工作提供信息、数据、意见支持。
The divorce cooling-off period,due to its relevance to the interests of every citizen,triggered the most extensive non-institutional and institutional online participation in the history of the public opinion solicitation system.Opposition to the divorce cooling-off period dominated mainstream online public opinion,but in the legislative decision-making process,the opinion against establishing the cooling-off period was not adopted by the legislature,revealing potential problems with the current“shock-response”model of online public participation in legislation.On social media,sensationalist headlines and fragmented reporting easily lead to subjective presumptions among the public,emotional rhetoric stirs group contagion,and the spiral of silence effect silences rational opinions.If the legislature fails to respond to the strong emotions of online public opinion,it will weaken the democratic nature of legislation;if it rushes into legislation,it may affect its scientific validity.Therefore,the mechanism for online public participation in legislation should be further improved.A smart public participation in legislation platform should be built with the support of artificial intelligence technology,implementing a dual-track system of simultaneous opinion solicitation and referential online voting.Big data mining technology should be used to excavate online public opinion,expanding the scope of public opinion considered in legislation,and realizing legislative democratic initiatives based on passive excavation.Through the aforementioned measures,the institutional online public participation in legislation mechanism should fulfill its important responsibility of facilitating the conversion of non-institutional online public opinion into legislation and provide information,data,and opinion support for legislative work.
作者
林胤翔
Lin Yinxiang(School of Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China;School of Law,University of California at Berkeley,Berkeley 94720,USA)
出处
《天水师范学院学报》
2025年第1期46-59,共14页
Journal of Tianshui Normal University
基金
2021年度国家社科基金重大项目“行政法总则制定的理论与实践问题研究”(21&ZD191)
2023年度北京哲学社会科学基金决策咨询重点项目“北京市行政处罚下沉的模式选择与实施路径研究”(23JCB057)阶段性成果。
关键词
公众参与
公开征求意见
网络民意
离婚冷静期
全过程人民民主
public participation
public opinion solicitation
online public opinion
divorce cooling-off period
whole-process people's democracy
