摘要
分析无人机飞播油菜不同氮肥水平和播种量下群体生长发育、产量形成和氮素利用等方面的差异以及氮肥和播种量协同增产机制,确定四川丘陵区稻茬飞播油菜适宜的施氮量和播种量,为提升四川丘陵区迟播油菜产量潜力和油菜高产高效栽培提供理论依据。2020-2021年度在四川省绵阳市安州区开展大田试验,以不施氮、播种量3.5 kg/hm^(2)(N_(0)S_(3.5))为对照,设置2个纯氮水平处理135(N_(135))、180 kg/hm^(2)(N_(180))和2个无人机播种量处理3.0(S_(3.0))、4.5 kg/hm^(2)(S_(4.5))。结果表明,等氮量或等播量条件下,无人机飞播油菜籽产量随播种量的增加或氮肥施用量的增加均呈增加趋势。在施氮量180 kg/hm^(2)、播种量4.5 kg/hm^(2)时产量达到最高,为3143.05 kg/hm^(2),分别较N_(135)S_(3.0)、N_(135)S_(4.5)和N_(0)S_(3.0)处理显著增产16.50%、14.93%和69.86%(P<0.05),较N180S3.0处理增产13.7%,其氮肥表观利用率和氮肥农学率达到最大。高氮条件下合理增加播种量能够显著提高油菜生育期内的群体绿叶数和LAI,有效促进油菜群体分枝数、角果数、干物质积累速率的提高,延长干物质积累时间,增加干物质和氮素总量,实现油菜高产群体构建和产量和氮肥利用率的协同提高。因此,四川丘陵区无人机飞播生产上宜采用施氮量180 kg/hm^(2)和播种量4.5 kg/hm^(2)的配置。
In order to determine the appropriate rate of nitrogen application and sowing rate for rice stubble sown rapeseed in hilly area of Sichuan,as well as to provide a theoretical basis to enhance the yield potential of late sown rapeseed in the hilly area of Sichuan and the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of rapeseed.We did this by analyzing the differences in population growth and development,yield formation,and nitrogen utilization under various nitrogen fertilizer levels and sowing rates of rapeseed sown by unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).During 2020-2021,a field trial was conducted in Anzhou district,Mianyang city,Sichuan Province.No N application and sowing rate of 3.5 kg/ha(N_(0)S_(3.5))were used as the control,and two treatments with pure N levels:135 kg/ha(N_(135))and 180 kg/ha(N_(180)),and two treatments with unmanned aerial seeding:3.0 kg/ha(S_(3.0))and 4.5 kg/ha(S_(4.5))were set.The results showed that the rapeseed yield increased with the increase of sowing amount or nitrogen application amount under the condition of equal nitrogen amount or equal sowing amount.The highest yield of 3143.05 kg/ha was attained at 180 kg/ha N application and 4.5 kg/ha sowing rate,which was significantly increased by 16.50%,14.93%and 69.86%(P<0.05)over N135S3.0,N_(135)S_(4.5) and N_(0)S_(3.0) treatment,respectively,and by 13.7%over N_(180)S_(3.0) treatment.Nitrogen fertiliser apparent utilisation and nitrogen fertiliser agronomic rate reached the maximum.Under the condition of high nitrogen,reasonable increase of seeding amount can significantly improve the population green leaf number and LAI during the growth period of rape,effectively promote the increase of branch number,cornering number and dry matter accumulation rate of rape population,prolong the dry matter accumulation time,increase the total dry matter and nitrogen,and realize the construction of high-yield rape population and the synergic improvement of yield and nitrogen utilization rate.Therefore,180 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer and 4.5 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer and sowing amount should be used in the production of UAV flying sowing in Sichuan hilly area.
作者
杨泽鹏
万柯均
郑盛华
敖玉琴
马明坤
万学
李珊珊
宋昕
王昌桃
陈尚洪
刘定辉
陈红琳
Yang Zepeng;Wan Kejun;Zheng Shenghua;Ao Yuqin;Ma Mingkun;Wan Xue;Li Shanshan;Song Xin;Wang Changtao;Chen Shanghong;Liu Dinghui;Chen Honglin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Mountain Agricultural Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu 610066,Sichuan,China)
出处
《作物杂志》
北大核心
2025年第3期225-232,共8页
Crops
基金
2024年农业重大技术协同推广计划
国家现代农业产业技术体系四川油菜创新团队项目(sccxtd-2023-03)
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200903)。
关键词
油菜
无人机飞播
施氮量
播种量
产量构成因素
氮肥利用
Rapeseed
Unmanned aerial seeding
Nitrogen application rate
Seeding rate
Yield components
Nitrogen fertilizer utilization
