摘要
对自由主义的批判构成无产阶级革命与共产主义社会之历史必然性的逻辑基础。马克思恩格斯指出,自由主义的现实机制因其对个体利己自由的承认和保障而将人塑造为利己个体,即狭隘地追求私人利益而对他人和社会漠不关心的个人。利己个体的普遍存在必然导致在商业活动中展开的每个人与每个人的对立与斗争,这种自由竞争的后果是多数个体事实上无法利己,大多数人沦为无产者,而无产者因其在竞争中日益处于绝对劣势和无力地位,其利益更将为竞争所否定。无产者的利己需要逐渐同竞争、同利己个体的存在相对立,利己个体走向自我否定,旨在消灭利己个体和自由竞争的无产阶级革命将在社会中消灭自由主义的原则和机制,并用共产主义的原则、机制取代之,只有在每个人都不只是追求私人利益而是追求社会全体成员共同利益的条件下,每个人的私人利益才能真正得以保障。马克思恩格斯的批判对今天反对各种形式的自由主义而言仍具有重要的现实意义。
Liberalism is the main theoretical opponent of Marxism,and critique of it constitutes the logical basis for the historical inevitability of proletarian revolution and communist society.Marx and Engels pointed out that the realistic mechanism of liberalism,because of its recognition and protection of individual egoistic freedom,shapes people as egoistic individual,that is,an individual who narrowly pursues private interests and is indifferent to others and society.The universal existence of egoistic individual inevitably leads to the confrontation and struggle between each other in commercial activities.This free competition will make it virtually impossible for most individuals to realize their own interests.Most people will become proletarians,whose interests will be negated by competition because they are increasingly in a position of absolute inferiority and powerlessness in competition.The proletarian's need for egoism is increasingly opposed to competition and the existence of egoistic individual,that means egoistic individual moves towards self-denial.The proletarian revolution,which aims at the abolition of egoistic individual and free competition,will abolish the principle and mechanism of liberalism in society and replace them with those of communism.The private interests of each individual can be truly safeguarded only if they pursue not only the private interests but the common interests of all members of society.The criticism made by Marx and Engels is still of great practical significance for today's opposition to all forms of liberalism.
作者
王永香
王博
WANG Yong-xiang;WANG Bo(School of Marxism,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710049)
出处
《岭南学刊》
2025年第3期15-28,共14页
Lingnan Journal
基金
2022年度中央高校基本科研业务费(人文社科类)“党的二十大精神”研究阐释专项科研项目“基层全过程民主治理效能提升的机理与路径研究”(编号:SK2022148)
2024年度西安市社科基金重点项目“全过程人民民主的民主新形态研究”
2024年度陕西省哲学社会科学“全省统战理论政策”重点研究项目“中国新型政党制度话语体系与传播效能研究”(编号:2024HZ0736)。
