摘要
本试验旨在比较研究杜蒙羊和杜蒙羊与萨福克羊杂交F1代羊(萨杜蒙羊)之间生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质等的差异,探讨内蒙古地区舍饲养殖条件下杜蒙羊与萨福克羊杂交对杜蒙羊生长性能和肉用性能的改良效果。试验选择系谱记录完整、健康无病且体重[(24.00±2.36) kg]相近的杜蒙公羊、萨杜蒙公羊、杜蒙母羊和萨杜蒙母羊各60只分成4组进行育肥试验。试验共计70 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期60 d。试验期间,试验羊饲喂相同的饲粮,自由采食和饮水。育肥结束后,每组随机选取10只羊进行屠宰性能测定,并取同侧背最长肌样本进行肉品质分析。结果表明:1)生长性能方面,萨杜蒙公羊平均日增重显著高于杜蒙公羊(P <0.05),料重比显著低于杜蒙公羊(P<0.05);萨杜蒙母羊平均日采食量和平均日增重均显著高于杜蒙母羊(P<0.05),且料重比低于杜蒙母羊(P>0.05)。2)屠宰性能方面,萨杜蒙公羊和母羊宰前活重、屠宰率、GR值和背膘厚度显著或极显著高于杜蒙公羊和母羊(P<0.05或P<0.01)。3)肉品质方面,萨杜蒙公羊背最长肌红度(a~*)值以及干物质和粗蛋白质含量显著高于杜蒙公羊(P<0.05),背最长肌剪切力极显著低于杜蒙公羊(P<0.01);与公羊上的结果类似,萨杜蒙母羊背最长肌a~*值以及干物质和粗蛋白质含量均显著高于杜蒙母羊(P<0.05),背最长肌剪切力极显著低于杜蒙母羊(P<0.01)。4)在肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸组成方面,萨杜蒙母羊背最长肌中必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量均显著高于杜蒙母羊(P<0.05),萨杜蒙公羊背最长肌中二十碳三烯酸和二十碳四烯酸含量显著高于杜蒙公羊(P<0.05);萨杜蒙公羊和母羊背最长肌中α-亚麻酸和γ-亚麻酸极显著高于杜蒙公羊和母羊(P<0.01),背最长肌中硬脂酸含量显著低于杜蒙公羊和母羊(P<0.05)。综上所述,杜蒙羊通过萨福克羊进行杂交改良能够有效改善其后代在舍饲条件下的生长性能和屠宰性能,提升羊肉嫩度和营养价值。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the differences in growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality between Dumeng sheep and Dumeng and Suffolk crossbred F 1 sheep(Sadumeng sheep),and to explore the improvement effects of Dumeng and Suffolk crossbred sheep on growth performance and meat performance of Dumeng sheep under the conditions of house feeding in Inner Mongolia.Each 60 healthy Dumeng rams,Sadumeng rams,Dumeng ewes and Sadumeng ewes with similar body weight of(24.00±2.36)kg and complete pedigree records were selected and divided into 4 groups for fattening experiment.The experiment lasted for 70 days,including 10 days in the pre-feeding period and 60 days in the formal period.During the experiment,all the experimental sheep were fed the same diet and free to eat and drink.After fattening,each 10 sheep in each group were randomly selected for slaughter performance measurement,and samples of longissimus dorsi muscle on the same side were selected for meat quality analysis.The results showed as follows:1)in terms of growth performance,the average daily gain of Sadumeng rams was significantly higher than that of Dumeng rams(P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain was significantly lower than that of Dumeng rams(P<0.05);the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of Sadumeng ewes were significantly higher than those of Dumeng ewes,and the ratio of feed to gain was lower than that of Dumeng ewes(P>0.05).2)In terms of slaughter performance,the live weight before slaughter,dressing percentage,GR value and backfat thickness of Sadumeng rams and ewes were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of Dumeng rams and ewes(P<0.05 or P<0.01).3)In terms of meat quality,the redness(a)value and contents of dry matter and crude protein in longissimus dorsi muscle of Sadumeng rams were significantly higher than those of Dumeng rams(P<0.05),and the shear force in longissimus dorsi muscle was extremely significantly lower than that of Dumeng rams(P<0.01).Similar to the results on rams,the a value and contents of dry matter and crude protein in longissimus dorsi muscle of Sadumeng ewes were significantly higher than those of Dumeng ewes(P<0.05),and the shear force in longissimus dorsi muscle was extremely significantly lower than that of Dumeng ewes(P<0.01).4)In terms of muscle amino acid and fatty acid composition,the contents of essential amino acids and delicious amino acids in longissimus dorsi muscle of Sadumeng ewes were significantly higher than those of Dumeng ewes(P<0.05),and the contents of eicosatrienoic acid and eicosatetraenoic acid in longissimus dorsi muscle of Sadumeng rams were significantly higher than those of Dumeng rams(P<0.05);the contents ofα-linolenic acid andγ-linolenic acid in longissimus dorsi muscle of Sadumeng rams and ewes were extremely significantly higher than those of Dumeng rams and ewes(P<0.01),and the stearic acid content in longissimus muscle of Sadumeng rams and ewes was significantly lower than that of Dumeng rams and ewes(P<0.05).In conclusion,the crossbreeding of Dumeng sheep through Suffolk sheep can effectively improve the growth performance and slaughter performance of their offspring under the conditions of house feeding,and enhance the tenderness and nutritional values of mutton.
作者
别雪
陈大勇
卫乐乐
姜丽丽
马云慧
卢艳芳
王利
李长青
王泳
BIE Xue;CHEN Dayong;WEI Lele;JIANG Lili;MA Yunhui;LU Yanfang;WANG Li;LI Changqing;WANG Yong(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 100030,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Inner Mongolia Sino Breeding Sheep Technology Co.,Ltd.,Ulanqab 012000,China;Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction Technology Enterprise of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Ulanqab 012000,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期3208-3220,共13页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
农业生物育种重大项目(2022ZD040130204)
国家肉羊产业技术体系(CARS-38)
乌兰察布市“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022JB009)。
关键词
杂交羊
生长性能
肉品质
脂肪酸
氨基酸
crossbred sheep
growth performance
meat quality
fatty acids
amino acids
