摘要
随着全球性温室气体排放量的不断增加,由此引发的极端气候变化严重威胁着人类的生存和发展。近年来,奶牛养殖业面临着高质量发展与绿色低碳发展的双重挑战。一方面,我国奶牛养殖不断转型升级,现代化产业技术快速推广应用,奶牛养殖场的规模化比例逐渐提升;另一方面,动物胃肠道发酵产生的甲烷以及粪便管理过程中产生的甲烷和氧化亚氮不仅是饲粮能源的重要损失,也是温室气体排放的重要来源。与此同时,传统的基于动物个体的碳排放监测技术虽然能够获得较高的准确度,但是无法对整个牧场层面的碳排放总量进行准确测定和分析。针对奶牛养殖场开展科学、准确的碳排放监测是获取奶牛养殖业碳基础排放量、研发减排调控措施等的关键内容。因此,本文综述了牧场层面上对奶牛碳排放监测的方法和原理,介绍了其在奶牛养殖场中碳排放监测与核算的应用,旨在为推动奶牛养殖业可持续发展、助力绿色低碳全面转型以及实现碳减排目标提供参考。
With the continuous increase of global greenhouse gas emissions,the resulting extreme climate change seriously threatens the survival and development of human beings.In recent years,the dairy farming industry has been facing the dual challenges of high-quality development and green and low-carbon development.On the one hand,China’s dairy farming continues to transform and upgrade,modern industrial technology is rapidly promoted and applied,and the scale proportion of dairy farms is gradually increased.On the other hand,the methane from animal gastrointestinal fermentation and methane and nitrous oxide from manure management are not only significant losses of dietary energy,but also important sources of greenhouse gas emissions.At the same time,although the traditional carbon emission monitoring technology based on individual animals can obtain high accuracy,it is unable to accurately measure and analyze the total carbon emission at the whole pasture level.To carry out scientific and accurate carbon emission monitoring for dairy farms is the key content to obtain carbon base emissions of dairy farming and develop emission reduction regulation measures.Therefore,this paper reviewed the methods and principles of carbon emission monitoring of dairy cattle at the pasture level,and introduced their applications in carbon emission monitoring and accounting in dairy farms,aiming to provide references for promoting sustainable development of dairy farming,helping the overall green and low-carbon transformation,and achieving carbon emission reduction targets.
作者
孔令钿
年雪妍
张庆
董利锋
KONG Lingdian;NIAN Xueyan;ZHANG QingDONG Lifeng(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Sino-US Joint Center for Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants and Their Young Stock,Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期2849-2857,共9页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0130100)。
关键词
奶牛养殖
监测技术
甲烷
氧化亚氮
绿色低碳转型
dairy farming
monitoring technology
methane
nitrous oxide
green and low-carbon transformation
