摘要
为了给冬枣生产上降低冻害损失提供技术指导,以黄骅冬枣树为试验材料,以越冬前至萌芽前不采取任何冻害预防措施的常规管理为对照(CK1),研究了强壮树体、枝干保护、树盘覆草3种冻害预防措施对树体防冻效果的影响;选择未进行防冻措施处理的的冬枣树为试验材料,以不采取任何冻后管理措施的常规管理为对照(CK2),研究了合理修剪、伤口保护、科学灌水3种冻后管理措施对树体萌发以及果实产量的影响。结果表明:实施强壮树体、枝干保护、树盘覆草措施的树体受冻程度均较CK1(重度)显著降低,其中,3种措施单独使用时冻害级别均为中度,冬枣产量为往年正常产量水平(22500 kg/hm)2的1/2强;3种措施综合使用时防冻效果最好,冻害级别为轻度,冬枣产量达到21228.8 kg/hm^(2),与往年正常产量水平接近,其中较CK1增产621.7%。冻害发生后,实施合理修剪、伤口保护、科学灌水措施的树体萌芽率均较CK2(13.7%)显著提高,其中,3种措施单独使用时树体萌芽率分别为30.2%、32.0%和40.0%,冬枣产量分别较CK2(2941.5 kg/hm^(2))增加115.1%、132.1%和188.7%;3种措施综合使用时效果最好,树体萌芽率可达59.9%,产量为12737.3 kg/hm^(2),达到往年正常产量水平的近60%,其中较CK2增产333.0%。在实际生产中,采取强壮树体、枝干保护、树盘覆草相结合措施预防冻害,受冻后采取适时适量修剪、伤口保护、科学灌水相结合技术促进树体萌芽,可以最大程度地降低冻害损失。
In order to provide technical guidance for reducing freeze damage losses in winter jujube production,Huanghua winter jujube trees were used as the experimental materials,and the conventional management without taking any freeze damage prevention measures from overwintering to germination was used as a control(CK1),and the antifreeze effects of three freeze damage prevention measures of strengthening the tree body,protecting the branches and covering the tree disk with grass were studied.Selecting winter jujube trees that have not been treated with antifreeze measures as the experimental materials,and using conventional management without any post-freeze management measures as a control(CK2),the effects of three post-freeze management measures of reasonable pruning,wound protection and scientific irrigation on tree germination and fruit yield were studied.The results showed that the freezing degree of trees implemented with measures such as strengthening the tree body,protecting the branches,and covering the tree disk with grass was significantly reduced compared to CK1(severe).Among them,the freezing damage level of all three measures was moderate when used alone,and the winter jujube yield was more than half of the normal yield level in previous years(22500 kg/hm^(2)).When the three measures were used comprehensively,the antifreeze effect was the best,and the freezing damage level was mild.The winter jujube yield reached 21228.8 kg/hm2,which was close to the normal yield level in previous years,with an increase of 621.7%compared to CK1.After the occurrence of freeze damage,the germination rate of trees implementing reasonable pruning,wound protection,and scientific irrigation measures was significantly higher than CK2(13.7%).Among them,when the three measures were used alone,the germination rates of trees were 30.2%,32.0%,and 40.0%,respectively.The winter jujube yield increased by 115.1%,132.1%,and 188.7%compared to CK2(2941.5 kg/hm^(2)),respectively.When the three measures were used comprehensively,the effect was the best,with a tree germination rate of 59.9%and a yield of 12737.3 kg/hm^(2),which was nearly 60%of the normal yield level in previous years,and an increase of 333.0%compared to CK2.In practical production,a combination of measures such as strengthening the tree body,protecting the branches,and covering the tree disk with grass are taken to prevent freeze damage.After being frozen,timely and appropriate pruning,wound protection,and scientific watering are combined to promote tree germination,which can minimize freeze damage losses to the greatest extent possible.
作者
张帅
张旺林
ZHANG Shuai;ZHANG Wang-lin(Cangzhou Forestry Technology Extension Station,Cangzhou 061001,China;Cangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Cangzhou 061001,China)
出处
《河北农业科学》
2025年第1期31-35,共5页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
基金
河北省中央财政林草科技推广示范项目“冬枣优质栽培新技术推广”(冀TG[2024]010)。
关键词
冬枣
冻害
预防
冻后管理
黄骅
Winter jujubes
Freeze damage
Prevention
Post-freeze management
Huanghua
