摘要
为探究多年生水稻和一年生杂交再生稻及其衍生稻作模式的干物质生产与积累特性,以深入了解多年生水稻宿根栽培生理生态形成机制,为促进多年生水稻可持续宿根栽培从而实现高产稳产提供依据。采用13C脉冲标记技术和作物生理生态学方法,对多年生水稻在不同宿根栽培季别中的产量变化差异进行测定分析,重点研究了其生育期缩短及干物质生产与分配差异对产量的影响。结果表明:相对于头季稻151 d,其第一再生季稻(first ratoon rice,FRR)81 d、第二再生季稻(second ratoon rice,SRR)126 d和第三再生季稻(third ratoon rice,TRR)80 d的生育期分别缩短了70、25、71 d。干物质在植株各器官中的分配模式与对照组即常规杂交再生季稻(YY2640-FRR)基本一致,具体表现为随籽粒灌浆的推进,干物质和非结构化合物向地上部籽粒库分配量及分配率加大,而向茎鞘和叶片等器官分配量和分配率则相应减少。其中,茎鞘干物质转换和输出率显著提升,且这一现象在多年生水稻表现更明显。基于13C同位素示踪技术研究表明,相对多年生水稻的头季稻,多年生稻的再生季稻生育后期的干物质对地上部穂部器官分配量较多,分配率也较大,但对地上部的其他器官特别是茎鞘和叶片,以及地下部土壤的13C物质分配量逐季减少。综上所述,说明多年生水稻产量与其营养器官之间的干物质生产与资源分配存在显著的协同与权衡的关系,并体现重要的生存进化策略,也可能是多年生水稻长周期宿根栽培导致产量难以持续高产的关键。
In order to explore the dry matter production and accumulation characteristics of perennial rice and oneyear-old hybrid ratooning rice and their derived rice cropping patterns,and to deeply understand the physiological and ecological formation mechanism of perennial rice rhizome cultivation,thus providing a basis for promoting the sustainable perennial rice rhizome cultivation and achieving the high and stable yield,the 13C pulse labeling technology and crop physiological ecology methods were used to measure and analyze the yield variation differences of perennial rice in different rhizome cultivation seasons.The effects of of shortened growth periods and differences in dry matter production and distribution on the yield were also mainly studied.The results showed that compared with the first season rice of 151 days,the growth periods of the first ratoon rice(FRR)of 81 days,the second ratoon rice(SRR)of 126 days,and the third ratoon rice(TRR)of 80 days were shortened by 70,25,and 71 days,respectively.The distribution pattern of dry matter in various organs of the plant was basically the same as that of the control group,i.e.,the conventional hybrid ratoon rice(YY2640-FRR),specifically manifested as the increase in the allocation amount and allocation rate of dry matter and non-structural compounds to the above-ground grain sink with the advancement of grain filling,while the allocation amount and allocation rate to the organs such as stems,sheaths,and leaves decreased accordingly.Among them,the conversion and output rate of dry matter in stem and sheath significantly increased,and this phenomenon was more obvious in perennial rice.Based on the 13C isotope tracer technology,the research proved that compared with the main crop rice of perennial rice,the allocation amount and allocation rate of dry matter to the above-ground panicle organs in the later growth stage of perennial rice for ratoon rice were higher,but the allocation amount of 13C substances in other above-ground organs,especially stems,sheaths,and leaves,as well as in the underground soil,decreased season by season.In summary,it indicated that there was a significant synergistic and trade-off relationship between the yield of perennial rice and the dry matter production and resource allocation of its vegetative organs.It also reflected the important survival evolution strategy,which may be the key reason why the yield of perennial rice was difficult to maintain high and stable in the long-term ratooning cultivation.
作者
林伟伟
LIN Wei-wei(College of Food Engineering,Zhangzhou Institute of Technology,Zhangzhou,Fujian 363000,China)
出处
《福建农业科技》
2025年第3期51-59,共9页
Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology
基金
2024漳州职业技术学院校级课题(zzykyk24004)
福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J01142)
2024年度漳州职业技术学院博士科研启动基金项目(ZZYB2403)。
关键词
多年生水稻
干物质生产与分配
稳定同位素示踪
Perennial rice
Dry matter production and distribution
Stable isotope tracer
