摘要
【目的】为解决化肥过量施用导致马铃薯土壤质量下降的问题,本试验探讨种植不同绿肥并就地翻压对马铃薯产量和土壤肥力的改良效果。【方法】依托为期5年的绿肥-马铃薯轮作大田定位试验,采用随机区组试验设计,设置4个处理组:CK(常规施肥)、CR(肥田萝ト+常规施肥)、CV(光叶苕子+常规施肥)和CL(黑麦草+常规施肥),通过测定不同绿肥模式下的土壤理化性质及马铃薯产质,同时采用相关性分析评价其对马铃薯产质和土壤肥力的影响。【结果】5年间马铃薯的平均产量依次为CR>CV>CK>CL,CR和CV5年的平均产量较CK分别提升10.96%、10.12%,各处理组之间差异显著。经过第1年绿肥翻压后,马铃薯大薯比例呈上升趋势,其中CR处理组的提升效果最明显,其次是CL。从5年的均值来看,与CK组相比,CV处理在提高土壤全氮、碱解氮、全磷方面效果较好,分别提高12.35%、18.67%、11.03%,而CR处理在提升土壤全钾、速效磷方面表现更佳,分别提高4.3%、13.44%。此外,施用绿肥的3组处理均不同程度地提高土壤有机质。相关性分析表明,马铃薯产量和土壤全磷、全氮、速效磷呈正相关,全氮和全钾、速效磷、速效钾呈正相关,全磷和速效磷呈正相关,碱解氮和有机质、pH呈正相关,有机质和pH呈正相关。【结论】肥田萝ト对马铃薯产量和品质的提升效果最佳,光叶苕子和肥田萝ト分别对土壤氮素及磷、钾养分的改善具有显著影响。因此,通过种植并翻压肥田萝ト可作为实现马铃薯稳产高产的有效种植方法。
[Objective]In order to solve the problem of potato soil quality degradation caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer,the experiment discussed the improvement effect of planting different green manure and turning over the soil fertility on potato yield.[Method]Based on a five-year field experiment of green manure-potato rotation,the study adopted a randomized block design,and set up four treatment groups:CK(conventional fertilization),CR(radish+conventional fertilization),CV(naked vetch+conventional fertilization)and CL(ryegrass+conventional fertilization).By measuring the soil physical and chemical properties and potato yield and quality under different green manure patterns,the correlation was adopted at the same time.[Result]The average yield of potato in five years was CR>CV>CK>CL,and the average yield of CR and CV in five years increased by 10.96%and 10.12%respectively compared with CK,with significant differences among the treatment groups.After the green manure was turned over in the first year,the proportion of large potatoes showed an upward trend,and the improvement effect of CR treatment group was the most obvious,followed by CL.From the average value of five years,compared with CK group,CV treatment had a better effect in improving soil total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and total phosphorus,increasing by 12.35%,18.67%and 11.03%respectively,while CR treatment had a better effect in improving soil total potassium and available phosphorus,increasing by 4.3%and 13.44%respectively.In addition,the content of soil organic matter was improved in dfferent degrees in the three groups of treatments with green manure.Correlation analysis showed that potato yield was positively correlated with soil total phosphorus,total nitrogen and available phosphorus,total nitrogen was positively correlated with total potassium,available phosphorus and available potassium,total phosphorus was positively correlated with available phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was positively correlated with organic matter and pH,and organic matter and pH were positively correlated.[Conclusion]Radish in fertilizer field has the best effect on improving the yield and quality of potato,and glossy vetch and radish in fertilizer field have significant effects on improving soil nitrogen phosphorus and potassium nutrients respectively.Therefore,it is an effective planting method to achieve stable and high yield of potatoes by planting and turning radish in fertile fields.
作者
张雪梅
陈检锋
尹梅
王志远
陈华
杨艳鲜
王伟
苏友波
付利波
ZHANG Xue-mei;CHEN Jian-feng;YIN Mei;WANG Zhi-yuan;CHEN Hua;YANG Yan-xian;WANG Wei;SU You-bo;FU Li-bo(Water Conservancy College of Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Institute of Agricultural Environmental Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Kunming Experimental Station of National Soil Quality Observation,Kunming 650205,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第3期629-635,共7页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1901504-04)
国家绿肥产业体系昆明综合试验站(CARS-22-Z-14)
云南省曹卫东专家工作站(202305AF150016)。
关键词
绿肥
马铃薯
土壤肥力
长期效应
Green manure
Potato
Soil fertility
Long-term effect
