摘要
植被火燃烧是地球系统的重要干扰因素,会对大气圈、水圈、冰冻圈、生物圈、土壤圈和人类圈等地表圈层产生重要影响。植被火燃烧烟尘中的各种气体和气溶胶颗粒在影响大气环境的同时还会危害人类健康,极端火灾事件还会造成严重的人员伤亡和经济财产损失。近年来,在全球变暖的影响下极端天气事件频繁发生,植被火灾害发生风险也显著增加。理解现代植被火的所处阶段和发生机制,对未来的植被火变化预测有重要的科学意义,同时对制定火灾管控策略具有重要的实践价值。通过从植被火演化历史和现代植被火燃烧格局2个方面综述中国植被火的研究进展,对现代植被火形势获得了如下基本认识:①从历史记录来看,现代植被火燃烧正处于全新世以来最繁盛时期,且从20世纪末到现在甚至到21世纪中叶整体呈上升趋势;②中国植被火以农田火为主,森林野火为辅,集中发生在春季和秋季,主要分布在东北、西南、华北、华东以及华南等地区,且在人类活动和气候变化的影响下呈现出区域多样化的特点。未来还要加强梳理中国植被火的历史变化细节、阐明现代植被火整体格局,以便更准确地预测未来植被火变化。
Vegetation fire,as a significant disturbance factor in the Earth’s system,can have important impacts on Earth’s surface systems,such as the atmosphere,hydrosphere,cryosphere,biosphere,pedosphere,and anthroposphere.The various gases and aerosol particles released during vegetation fires not only affect the atmospheric environment,but also pose risks to human health.Extreme vegetation fires can cause serious casualties and economic loss.In recent years,under the influence of global warming,various extreme weather events have occurred frequently,and the risk of vegetation fire disasters has also significantly increased.Understanding the stages and mechanisms of modern vegetation fires is of great scientific significance for predicting future changes in vegetation fires,and is of great practical importance for formulating fire management strategies.This study provides an overview of the research progress on vegetation fires in China from the perspective of the evolutionary history of vegetation fires and modern vegetation fire regimes.The following basic understanding is obtained regarding the pattern of modern vegetation fires:First,from historical records,modern vegetation fires are currently at their most frequent period since the Holocene,and from the late 20th century to the present,even to the mid-21st century,vegetation fires in China show an overall upward trend.Second,vegetation fires in China are mainly agricultural fires with forest wildfires as a supplement,concentrated in spring and autumn,and are mainly distributed in northeastern,southwestern,eastern,and southern China,showing regional diversification characteristics under the influence of human activities and climate change.In the future,efforts should be made to strengthen the review of the details of historical changes in vegetation fires in China,elucidate the overall modern vegetation fire regime,and provide more accurate predictions of future changes in vegetation fires.
作者
向书旗
陈静
游超
XIANG Shuqi;CHEN Jing;YOU Chao(College of Environment and Ecology,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment,Ministry of Education,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)
出处
《地球科学进展》
北大核心
2025年第2期207-220,共14页
Advances in Earth Science
关键词
植被火燃烧
森林野火
农田火
人类活动
气候变化
Vegetation fire
Wildfire
Agricultural fire
Human activity
Climate change
